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|    Jane Yu
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Surrey, BC, Canada Local time: 10:46 PDT (GMT-7)
Native in: English  , Chinese | | |
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More Less | | Visa | Sample translations submitted: 38 | English to Chinese: Medical Equipment Manual Translation | Source text - English
Endoscopic Scissors Instructions for Use
Multi-Cutting Endoscopic Scissors with monopolar electrocautery.
Federal law (USA) restricts this device to use by, or on the order of a physician.
1. Product must be cleaned and sterilized prior to use.
2. A ground plate is firmly attached to the patient. A sterile electrosurgical cord, which connects to both the monopolar electrocautery device and to the electrosurgical instrument, is needed to activate the electrode. A standard bovie fitting with a female connector fits this unit.
WARNINGS
1. Product must be cleaned and sterilized prior to use.
2. Prior to use, electrosurglcal devices should be examined for breaks in insulation on cord and shaft, loose or improperly attached plugs, cracks or breaks in the device housing. Any interruptions in the coating may compromise the safety of the instrument.
3. Do not activate the electrocautery when the end effectors are not in contact with tissue.
4. Not for use with CSV Bovie.
5. Excessive force applied to handle may damage unit.
6. After sterilization, Instruments must be thoroughly dried.
NOTE: Scissors are designed for multiple use, however, the life of the scissors will vary according to severity of use.
CLEANING/ DECONTAMINATION
Cover Instrument with an enzymatic presoak (such as Klenzyme) for 5 minutes. Remove and wash instrument thoroughly with a neutral pH detergent (pH 7.9) and a soft bristle to clean surgical debris from the teeth and jaw of the Instrument. Blood and debris left on the instrument will adversely affect the smooth operation of the instrument and may lead to corrosion. Use the flush port to run water through the instrument.
After cleaning, soak the Instrument in a bactericidal solution, such as 2% Glutaraldehyde, for 10 mm. to remove any debris on the inside of the instrument. Instruments may then be processed through an ultrasonic cleaner, and then rinsed, preferably with demineralized water, to ensure complete removal of surgical debris.
Instruments should be lubricated with an approved water-soluble lubricant or “instrument milk.”
After each step in the decontamination and sterilization process, instruments should be thoroughly dried. | Translation - Chinese
内窥镜手术用组织剪使用说明
配有单极电刀的多剪式内窥镜手术用组织剪。
美国联邦法律规定此组织剪装置只准医生使用或在医生的指令下使用。
1. 产品使用之前必须清洁并消毒。
2. 接地板应牢靠地固定在患者身上。要启动电极，还需要一根已消毒的电外科手术电缆，电缆一端与单极电刀装置相连，另一端与组织剪相连。本组织剪装配一个装有内接头的标准 bovie 电刀。
警告
1. 产品在使用之前必须清洁并消毒。
2. 在使用之前，应当检查组织剪装置的电缆和轴的绝缘层是否有破损，插头是否松动或连接是否正确，组织剪机体是否有裂纹或破损。涂料破损会降低组织剪的安全性。
3. 当端部执行器未接触到组织时，不得开动电刀。
4. 不适合与 CSV Bovie 电刀配合使用。
5. 握手柄的力太大可能损坏装置。
6. 消毒后，组织剪必须彻底干燥。
注意：组织剪适合多种用途，但是使用寿命根据使用程度不同会有所差异。
清洁/净化
在组织剪外面涂一层酶预浸剂（例如 Klenzyme），并保留 5 分钟。然后，使用中等 PH 值（PH7.9）清洁剂和软毛刷彻底清洗组织剪，除去组织剪齿及钳口上的手术残留碎屑。残留的血迹或碎屑会严重影响组织剪的平滑运行，并可造成腐蚀。用清水灌冲组织剪的冲洗口，冲洗组织剪。
清洗后，将组织剪放在杀菌溶液（例如 2% 的戊二醛）中浸泡 10 分钟，除去可能残留在组织剪内面上的碎屑。然后，可用超声波清洁器进行处理，之后用水（最好是软化水）冲洗干净，将手术碎屑完全清除干净。
器械应使用准用的水溶性润滑剂或“仪表乳液”进行润滑。
在净化消毒过程中，每完成一道程序之后，都应使器械彻底干燥。
| Chinese to English: Taiwan Patent Translation
Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering | Source text - Chinese
[57]申请专利范围：
1．一种兼具按摩及刷毛之两用器，包括：一本体，该本体一面上设有数个排列整齐之凸体，该本体一端在距该本体边缘适当间距之位置上，设有一沿该本体边缘适当间距之位置上，设有一沿该本体端缘向两侧延伸之切割线，俾将该本体沿该切割线撕开，使其形成一开口，另端在邻近该本体端缘处，设有数个相隔适当间距，并分别从邻近中央之位置沿该本体端缘向下延伸之切割线，再将该本体分别沿该等切割线撕开，使其分别形成一套合部。
2．如申请专利范围第1项所述之一种兼具按摩及刷毛之两用器，其中该等凸体系可呈锥状。
| Translation - English
[57]What is claimed:
1. A combined massaging and brushing tool comprising a main body having a plurality of convexes neatly arranged on a surface thereof, a cutting line positioned suitably away from an end edge thereof and extending in both directions along said end edge wherein an opening is formed by removing said body along said cutting line, a plurality of cutting lines suitably spaced and disposed in the proximity of another end edge thereof and respectively extending downwardly from a location in the proximity of the center wherein a set of enclosures are formed by removing said body along said cutting lines.
2. The combined massaging and brushing tool of claim 1 wherein said convexes are of conical shape.
| Chinese to English: CTI Chinese Textile Dictionary
Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng | Source text - Chinese
长纤维 continuous filament, filament
一般而言，长纤维是指纤维之长度/厚度之比率大于10%者称之。而在化学纤维当中，所有可纺丝之原料，皆可制成长纤维。长纤维因其每束丝中各单纤维根数与细度又可分为复丝与单丝，通常用于衣着类长纤维大都为复丝，而单丝则大都在非衣着用途，如钓鱼线等，其单纤维直径为60μ以上，甚至可达5 mm。
又名丝：在化学纤维制造过程中，纺丝液从纺嘴挤出，在纺丝箱中冷却或在凝固浴中凝固成形，成为连续不断的丝。将各纺丝部位上所形成的丝分别在卷绕机上进行卷装，并经延伸等后加工或纺丝成形后不经卷装就连续地进行后加工，这样就得到长度以千米计的光滑而有光泽之连续性长纤维。
| Translation - English
Continuous filament, or filament
Generally, continuous filament refers to a filament having a ratio of length to thickness of more than 10%. All chemical fibers can be used to made continuous filaments provided that they can be spun into threads. The continuous filament may be further divided into monofilament and multifilament by the number and fineness of fiber threads in each tow. The multifilament is usually used for clothing and the monofilament is intended mainly for non-clothing purposes, such as fishing line. A monofilament may have a diameter of greater than 60 and may even be as big as 5mm.
It is also called silk. In chemical fiber manufacturing, the fiber solution is extruded from a spinneret into a spinning chamber to cool down or into a coagulation bath to coagulate into a continuous fiber silk. The fiber silks formed at each spinning location are rolled up by a roller for further post-spinning processing such as drawing or directly enter post-spinning process without being rolled to yield a smooth, glossy continuous filament measured kilometers in length.
| Chinese to English: Pharmaceuticals Translation
Detailed field: Medical (general) | Source text - Chinese
幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori, Hp）感染是引起胃及十二指肠溃疡的最主要原因，目前临床采用包括质子泵抑制剂（PPI）和抗生素在内的三联或四联疗法根除Hp感染。研究发现PPI与抗生素联合应用对根除Hp 具有良好效果，但根除率差异较大，PPI的作用除了公认的抑制胃酸分泌和抗溃疡外，有研究发现其本身对Hp具有抑制作用。在目前临床应用比较多的PPI 中，波利特（雷贝拉唑肠溶衣片）、达克普隆（ 兰索拉唑胶囊）和Nexium具有比较确切的抑酸作用，但有必要对不同制剂的抑菌效果差异是否影响临床Hp 根除治疗的效果进行分析，并初步解释近期临床流行病学资料所显示的不同PPI 应用与Hp 根除治疗所表现的明显效果差异现象。本项研究拟对三种最常用的PPI剂型的体外抑菌作用进行比较和分析。 | Translation - English
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the main cause of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. At present, triple or quadruple therapy including both PPI preparations and antibiotics are adopted in clinic to eradicate Hp infections. It is found that PPIs, when used in combination with antibiotics, produce good result in eradicating Hp, at, however, significantly varied eradication rate. Research finds that in addition to widely recognized effect of inhibiting secretion of gastric acid and resisting ulcer, PPI itself is an Hp inhibitor. Among those PPIs, which are commonly used in clinic, Pariet (Rabeprazole enteric-coated tablet), Takepron (Lansoprazole capsule) and Nexium have a relatively definite efficacy of acid inhibition. However, it is necessary to examine whether difference in antibacterial activity of different PPI preparations will affect the effect of Hp eradication therapy and to preliminarily explain the phenomenon of significantly varied effect of different PPIs for eradication therapy of Hp as shown in recent clinical epidemiology data.
This research is intended to compare and analyze in vitro antibacterial activity of 3 kinds of most commonly used PPI preparations. | English to Chinese: Medical Translation
Detailed field: Medical: Cardiology | Source text - English
Quantification of cardiac chamber size, ventricular mass, and function ranks among the most clinically important and most frequently requested tasks of echocardiography. Standardization of chamber quantification has been an early concern in echocardiography and recommendations on how to measure such fundamental parameters are among the most often cited articles in the field. During the last decades, echocardiographic methods and techniques have improved and expanded dramatically. Improvements in image quality have been significant, as a result of the introduction of higher-frequency transducers, harmonic imaging, fully digital machines, left-sided contrast agents, and other technologic advancements.
Furthermore, echocardiography has become the dominant cardiac imaging technique, which, because of its portability and versatility, is now used in emergency, operating, and intensive care departments. Standardization of measurements in echocardiography has been inconsistent and less successful compared with other imaging techniques and, consequently, echocardiographic measurements are sometimes perceived as less reliable. Therefore, the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE), working together with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology, has critically reviewed the literature and updated the recommendations for quantifying cardiac chambers using echocardiography. Not all the measurements described in this article can be performed in all patients because of technical limitations. In addition, specific measurements may be clinically pertinent or conversely irrelevant in different clinic scenarios. This article reviews the technical aspects on how to perform quantitative chamber measurements and is not intended to describe the standard of care of which measurements should be performed in individual clinical studies However, evaluation of chamber size and function is a component of every complete echocardiographic examination and these measurements may have an impact on clinical management.
| Translation - Chinese
心室大小、质量和功能的定量分析是临床中最为重要和最常执行的超声波心动描记（超声心动图）任务之一。在超声波心动描记技术领域，人们很早即开始关注心室定量分析的标准化，有关如何测量如此重要参数的建议文章是本领域最常被人引用的文章。过去几十年里，超声波心动描记的方法和技术得到了很大的提高和发展。自从开始使用高频变频器、谐波显像、全数字化机器、左侧造影剂和其他先进技术后，图像质量显著提高。
另外，超声波心动描记技术已成为主要的心脏成像技术，由于其便携性和多功能性，该技术正广泛应用于急救、手术和重护科室。但目前超声心动图测量尚无统一标准，与其他成像技术相比，这项工作做得不是很成功，因此超声心动图测量的可靠性时常被人怀疑。为此，美国超声波心动描记术学会 (ASE) 携手欧洲超声波心动描记术协会（欧洲心病学学会的一个分支），仔细地审阅了现有文献资料，并对采用超声心动图进行心室定量分析提出最新的建议。由于技术上的限制，本文述及的所有测量并非都能应用于所有患者。此外，对于不同的临床情况，特定的测量可能具有很好的临床相关性，也可能毫不相关。本文对心室定量分析测量的技术方面进行探讨，但未阐述在具体临床研究中应进行哪些标准测量。但是，心室大小和功能的评估是所有完整超声心动图检查的一部分，这些测量可能对临床医疗有影响。
| English to Chinese: Medical Equipment Translation
Detailed field: Medical: Cardiology | Source text - English
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is a powerful, portable multi-specialty imaging
platform that incorporates the latest generation of all-digital ultrasound technologies and proven innovations, providing solutions in flexibility, workflow and performance.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The powerful, all-digital core technology of the CV70 system is built on a combination of: technology migration from other XXXX™ ultrasound systems. MultiBeam Image Formation, multihertz and the XXXX integrated DIMAQ architecture.
• The all-digital architecture preserves the signal integrity of all ultrasound information throughout the entire signal path – from transducer to display.
• MultiBeam Image Formation – allows high frame rate imaging, for optimal color flow and motion visualization.
• Precision MotionCapture – utilizes the full spectrum of signal information which allow the accurate display of cardiac structures for analysis.
• DIMAQ integrated workstation – acquires, captures and stores digital dynamic clips and static images without interrupting the exam workflow. This technology is the gateway to advanced features.
User Interface
• User-centric control panel with homebase layout
• Windows® based operating principles and on-screen icons to activate most frequently used functions
• Adjustable control panel back-lit illumination
• Intuitive active stage lighting
• Digital Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) provides easy and immediate access to secondary imaging controls
• Wrist support to help reduce operator repetitive stress disorders
• Retractable alphanumeric keyboard with overhead illumination for standard text, function keys and system programming
| Translation - Chinese
心血管影像系統
本心血管影像系統是一個強有效的便攜式多專業影像處理平臺，採用最新一代全數碼超音波技術和經驗證的技術創新，提供靈活性、工作流程和高性能型解決方案。
系統架構
CV70 系統強大的全數碼核心技術乃是下列多項技術的集體結晶：其他 XXXX™ 超音波系統的技術移植、多光束成像 (MultiBeam Image Formation)、多個工作頻率及 XXXX 整合式 DIMAQ 架構。
• 採用全數碼架構，可在探頭至顯示器的整個信號路徑上使所有超音波資訊保持信號完整無損。
• 多光束成像 — 允許高幀速率成像，獲得最佳化的彩色流及運動影像。
• 精確運動擷取 — 利用全頻譜信號資訊，可以精確地顯示心臟組織進行分析。
• DIMAQ 整合式工作站 — 獲得、擷取、儲存數碼動態圖像剪輯或靜態圖像，又不中斷檢查工作流程。此技術是通往進階功能的閘道技術。
使用者介面
• 以使用者為中心的控制面板採用基地式佈局
• 採用基於 Windows® 的作業原理及螢幕圖標啟動最常用的功能
• 可調式控制面板背光照明
• 直觀的當前進展階段燈光
• 數碼液晶顯示器 (LCD)，可簡便地直接存取次要成像控制按鈕
• 腕部支撐件有助於操作員降低羅患重複性神經壓迫紊亂症的風險
• 伸縮式文數字鍵盤配有頂部照明，為標準文字、功能鍵及系統編程提供照明
| English to Chinese: English into Traditional Chinese
Detailed field: Medical: Dentistry | Source text - English
At first, it’s silent, practically invisible and sometimes even painless. But once periodontal disease strikes, it’s only a matter of time until it makes its presence known with uncomfortable, unsightly and quite possibly irreparable side effects.
Periodontal disease, also know as gum disease, is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. There are several types and stages of the disease, all of which start with an infection of the gums that can move into the bones and ligaments that support the teeth. In the beginning stages, it is often detected by a dentist or dental hygienist during regular checkups. If left untreated gums and bone can become so seriously damaged, that teeth can fall out or have to be removed.
More than half of all adults, and three quarters of adults over 35, have some form of periodontal disease. Even young children can exhibit signs. If you plan to make your teeth last a lifetime, it’s important to understand the causes, symptoms and best methods for treating and preventing periodontal disease.
What causes Periodontal Disease?
The major cause of periodontal disease is the interaction between the bacteria found in plaque—the sticky, virtually invisible film that collects on teeth every day – and the body’s response to that bacteria. These bacteria create toxins that irritate and inflame the gums. This inflammatory process destroys the gum tissues and causes them to separate from the teeth. If left untreated, the disease advances to damage the underlying bone.
When plaque is not removed from the teeth regularly, it forms a hard, porous substance called calculus, or tartar. If calculus forms on the roots of the teeth below the gum line, it irritates the gums even further and contributes to even more plaque collection and disease. Only a dentist or dental hygienist can remove plaque and calculus from your teeth.
Once the bacteria in plaque have created inflammation and damage to the gum tissue occurs, a number of other factors can contribute to the severity of periodontal disease and the rate at which it progresses. Among them are:
· Smoking or chewing tobacco
· Poor oral hygiene
· Poorly fitting bridges
· Badly aligned teeth
· Defective fillings
· Food impacted between teeth
· Clenching or grinding teeth
· Poor diet
· Pregnancy or oral contraceptives
· Systemic diseases such as diabetes or AIDS
· Certain medications
| Translation - Chinese
牙周疾病最初出現時毫無徵兆，肉眼無法看到，有時甚至無任何疼痛感。但此病的發作只是時間問題，一旦發作則有疼痛不適和嚴重甚至無法治療的副作用，此時人們才意識到此病的存在。
牙周病也稱為牙齦炎，是導致成年人牙齒掉落的主要原因。牙周病有好幾種類型，有幾個疾病階段，但最初都是由牙齦感染引起，然後疾病會侵入骨頭和支撐牙齒的韌帶。在感染的早期階段，通常是由牙醫或牙科衛生專家在常規檢查中發現此病。如果不予治療，牙齦及牙骨會受到嚴重損傷，最終導致牙齒脫落或不得不拔掉。
一半以上的成年人以及四分之三年齡在 35 歲以上的成年人均患有不同形式的牙周疾病。甚至小孩都可能表現出牙周病的症狀。如果您希望牙齒能伴您一生，那麼瞭解牙周病的病因、症狀及最佳防治方法非常重要。
引起牙周病的原因有哪些？
牙周疾病的主要原因是齒菌斑 — 每天在牙齒表面上形成的一層粘性透明的薄膜 — 中所含細菌與身體對這些細菌的反應二者的互動。這些細菌會產生毒素，導致牙齦發炎。炎症會破壞牙齦組織，使牙齦與牙齒分離。如果不予治療，炎症會繼續破壞牙齦下面的骨骼。
如果不定期清除牙齦上的齒菌斑，它會形成一種堅硬多孔的物質，稱為牙結石或牙垢。如果牙結石在牙齦線以下的牙齒根部形成，它會進一步刺激牙齦，使更多的齒菌斑積聚，導致牙周病。只有牙醫或牙科衛生專家才能幫助您清除齒菌斑和牙結石。
一旦齒菌斑內的細菌引起發炎，牙齦組織會遭到破壞，另外一些因素也會導致牙周疾病加重或加速惡化。這些因素包括：
· 吸煙或咀嚼煙草
· 口腔衛生差
· 牙橋配合差
· 牙齒不齊
· 補牙不當
· 食物塞在牙齒之間
· 咬牙或磨牙
· 飲食不健康
· 懷孕或口服避孕藥
· 系統疾病，例如糖尿病或艾滋病
· 服用某些藥物 | English to Chinese: PCT Patent translation into Simplified Chinese
Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng | Source text - English
[0006] The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from most toxicants. Specialized cells called astrocytes possess many small branches, which form a barrier between the capillary endothelium and the neurons of the brain. Lipids in the astrocyte cell walls and very tight junctions between adjacent endothelial cells limit the passage of water-soluble molecules. Although the blood-brain barrier does allow for the passage of essential nutrients, the barrier is effective at eliminating the passage of some foreign substances and can decrease the rate at which other substances cross into brain tissue.
[0007] The placental barrier protects the developing and sensitive fetus from many toxicants that may be present in the maternal circulation. This barrier consists of several cell layers between the maternal and fetal circulatory vessels in the placenta. Lipids in the cell membranes limit the diffusion of water-soluble toxicants. Other substances such as nutrients, gases, and wastes of the developing fetus can, however, pass through the placental barrier. As in the case of the blood-brain barrier, the placental barrier is not totally impenetrable but effectively slows down the diffusion of many toxicants from the mother to the fetus in the art.
[0008] For many orally administered drugs, permeation across certain biological membranes such as the blood-brain barrier or the blood-placental barrier is highly undesirable and can result in serious side-effects such as neurotoxicity, insomnia, headache, confusion, nightmares or teratogenicity. These side effects, when severe, can be sufficient to halt the development of drugs exhibiting such undesirable brain or placental uptake. Thus, there is a need for new methods for effectively delivering drugs, and in particular small molecule drugs, to a patient while simultaneously reducing the adverse and often toxic side-effects of small molecule drugs. Specifically, there is a need for improved methods for delivering drugs that possess an optimal balance of good oral bioavailability, bioactivity, and pharmacokinetic profile. The present invention meets this and other needs.
| Translation - Chinese
[0006] 血脑屏障保护大脑，防止大多数毒素的侵入。称为星细胞的专门细胞具有许多小支脉，这些支脉构成毛细管内皮与大脑神经细胞之间的屏障。星细胞壁上的脂质以及相邻内皮细胞之间非常紧密的接合限制了水溶性分子的通行。尽管血脑屏障允许基本营养物质通行，但屏障有效地切断了一些外来物质的通行，能够降低其它物质进入脑组织的比例。
[0007] 胎盘屏障保护正在发育的、敏感的胎儿，防止母体循环中可能存在的毒素的侵入。这种屏障由胎盘内母体循环脉管和胎儿循环脉管之间的多个细胞层组成。细胞膜上的脂质限制了水溶性毒素的扩散。其它物质，如营养素、气体和发育中的胎儿产生的废物，却可以通过胎盘屏障。和血脑屏障一样，胎盘屏障虽然并非完全不能穿透，却能有效地降低了许多毒素由母体向胎儿扩散。
[0008] 对于许多口服的药物，渗透穿过某些生物膜（如血脑屏障或血胎盘屏障）是应该极力防止的，因为这可能导致严重的副作用，如神经中毒、失眠、头痛、紊乱、或胎儿畸形。这些副作用，严重时，会中断药物的发展，出现我们要防止的大脑或胎盘吸收。因此，尤其对小分子药物，新的给药方法，不但可有效地给患者用药，而且还能减少小分子药物的不良性，如有毒的副作用。具体而言，改进给药方法，能够在良好口服生物药效率、生物活性和药物代谢动力特征之间找到一个最佳的平衡。本发明正好满足这一点和其它需求。
| | English to Chinese: Life Sciences (Pharmaceutical Indications) | Source text - English
What is ELIDEL?
ELIDEL is the only steroid-free prescription cream for mild to moderate eczema. You put it on your skin to control the ups and downs of this condition.
Features of ELIDEL:
• Can significantly relieve the itching and redness
• Contains no steroids
• Can be used for repeated courses as directed by your doctor
• Safe to use anywhere on the skin—including the face, neck and around the eyes
• Does not cause certain side effects, such as thinning of the skin, stretch marks, or spider veins
• Odor-free, non-greasy cream, not an ointment; it absorbs quickly and easily
• Should not stain clothing or sheets
How do I use ELIDEL?
At the first signs or symptoms of a flare-up of mild or moderate eczema, apply a thin layer of ELIDEL, twice daily, to the affected areas. Continue ELIDEL treatment until the symptoms go away. If symptoms return, start and stop ELIDEL treatment as directed by your doctor. If symptoms don’t improve within 6 weeks, or get worse, speak to your doctor.
Important patient information:
When you and your doctor find other treatments don’t work for you, there’s concern about their risks, or you simply can’t tolerate them, there’s steroid-free ELIDEL. ELIDEL can be used in patients two and above. It can go anywhere on your skin, including your face. And you can use ELIDEL for repeated courses as directed by your doctor. ELIDEL targets the key cells involved with eczema right at the site of the problem.* While there is no cure for eczema, ELIDEL can significantly relieve the itching and redness. ELIDEL was well tolerated in clinical studies. The most common side effects are a feeling of warmth or burning where applied; headache; cold-like symptoms, such as sore throat and cough; and rarely, viral skin infection. When using ELIDEL, you should protect your skin from the sun or sun lamps.
| Translation - Chinese
ELIDEL 是什么？
ELIDEL 是治疗轻中度湿疹的唯一不含类固醇的处方药膏。可涂于患处皮肤，控制病情。
ELIDEL 的特点：
• 能够明显缓解瘙痒和红肿
• 不含类固醇
• 可在医生指导下重复使用多个疗程
• 可在任何部位的皮肤上使用 — 包括面部、颈部和眼睛周围
• 不会产生皮肤变薄、伸展纹或蜘蛛状静脉之类的副作用
• 为无味、非油性霜膏，不是油膏；吸收迅速、容易
• 不会弄脏衣服或被单
ELIDEL 药膏怎么用？
一发现有轻度或中度湿疹发作的体征或症状，立即在患处涂一薄层 ELIDEL，一日两次。连续涂 ELIDEL 进行治疗，直至症状消失。如果症状复返，则遵照医嘱开始和停止使用 ELIDEL 进行治疗。如果症状在 6 个星期内无好转，或是加重，请告诉医生。
患者须知：
当您和您的医生发现其它治疗对您无效，担心其它治疗的风险，或者您对其它治疗就是不能耐受时，可以选择不含类固醇的 ELIDEL。满 2 岁的患者都可以使用 ELIDEL。ELIDEL 可涂在任何部位的皮肤上，包括脸部。ELIDEL 可在医生指导下重复使用多个疗程。ELIDEL 直接作用在患处引起湿疹的关键细胞上*。尽管湿疹是无法根治的，但是 ELIDEL 能够有效地缓解瘙痒和红肿。临床研究表明患者对 ELIDEL 的耐受性好。最常见的副作用：涂药处感觉发热或发烧；头痛；类似感冒的症状，例如咽喉痛和咳嗽；偶见病毒性皮肤感染。使用 ELIDEL 时，应防止患处受到太阳或太阳能灯的照射。
| | English to Chinese: Chemical Engineering | Source text - English
Creating Coatings for Better Buildings
Architectural coatings are designed to provide protection and to keep wind and weather outside. The best coatings protect for decades and keep their color and finish just as long. Fluoropolymers are the toughest resins available to coatings formulators. Known under various trade names, such as Kynar® and Teflon® , they offer the best available coating performance. Fluoropolymer finishes resist many chemical hazards and retain color and gloss for decades.
Three fluoropolymer resins are commonly used in coatings. They are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). The differences in performance and processing among these materials begins with their structure.
PVDF Properties
Crystallinity can vary from about 35% to 70%, depending on the method of preparation and thermo-mechanical history. The degree of crystallinity is important because it affects toughness and mechanical strength. The characteristics of PVDF depend on molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, extent of irregularities along the polymer chain (including main-chain defect structures and side groups) and crystalline form.
PVDF exhibits a complex crystalline polymorphism not observed in other synthetic polymers. There are four distinct crystal forms: alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The polymorphs are present in different proportions, depending on processing conditions during polymerization. The alpha and beta forms are predominant in industrial situations.
The alpha form prevails in coatings and normal melt processing of structural parts. It is the most common form of PVDF and the most thermodynamically stable. Therefore, it is the most readily obtained under a variety of conditions. The chain configuration of the alpha form is transgauche, placing the fluorine and hydrogen atoms alternately on each side of the chain — the so-called ‘crankcase’ chain structure.
The beta form develops under mechanical deformation of melt-processed materials, usually at temperatures approaching the melting transitions. The beta form configuration consists of all the fluorine atoms on one side of the chain, and the hydrogen atoms on the other side) — the ‘zigzag’ chain structure. | Translation - Chinese
配制改进建筑的新涂料
建筑涂料的用途是保护建筑和防风雨。最好的涂料具有几十年的防护功能，并保持原有颜色和饰面不变。氟聚合物是涂料配方设计师目前能够获得的最强韧的树脂。氟聚合物有各种商标，例如 Kynar® 和 Teflon® ，是目前性能最好的涂料。氟聚合物表面漆可以抗许多化学危害物，并保持颜色和光泽数十年不变。
涂料中常用的氟聚合物树脂有三种。分别是聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)、聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 和 聚氟乙烯 (PVF)。这三种材料的性能和工艺差异主要是因为它们的结构。
聚偏二氟乙烯的特性
根据制备方法和热机械史的不同，结晶度可以在约 35% 至 70% 之间变化。结晶度很重要，因为它会影响产品的韧性和机械强度。聚偏二氟乙烯的特性取决于分子量、分子量分布情况、沿聚合物链的不规则程度（包括主链缺陷结构和侧基）以及晶型。
聚偏二氟乙烯呈现为复杂的多晶型，其他合成聚合物均无此特点。聚偏二氟乙烯有四种不同的晶型：a、b、g 和 d 晶型。多晶型以不同的比例存在，与聚合过程的工艺条件有关。在工业条件下，主要为 a 和 b 晶型。
在涂料中以及在结构部件的一般熔化加工中，a 晶型占主导。它是聚偏二氟乙烯的最常见晶型，也是热力学最稳定的晶型。因此，在各种条件下最容易获得的晶型就是 a 晶型。a 晶型的链构型为反式-旁式构型，其中氟原子和氢原子交替地出现在链的两侧 — 即所谓的‘曲轴’式链结构。
当材料在熔化加工过程中发生机械变形时会形成 b 晶型，此时的温度通常为接近熔化转变温度。b 晶型的结构是：所有氟原子都位于链的同一侧，而氢原子则位于链的另一侧 — 即“Z”字形链结构。 | | English to Chinese: Health Care Project | Source text - English
Our plan gives you the freedom to see any Physician or other health care professional from our Network, including specialists, without a referral. With this plan, you will receive the highest level of benefits when you seek care from a network physician, facility or other health care professional. In addition, you do not have to worry about any claim forms or bills.
You also may choose to seek care outside the Network, without a referral. However, you should know that care received from a nonnetwork physician, facility or other health care professional means a higher deductible and Copayment. In addition, if you choose to seek care outside the Network, our Plan only pays a portion of those charges and it is your responsibility to pay the remainder. This amount you are required to pay, which could be significant, does not apply to the Out-of-Pocket Maximum. We recommend that you ask the non-network physician or health care professional about their billed charges before you receive care.
| Translation - Chinese
我們的計劃允許您從我們的網路中自由地選擇看病的內科醫生或其他專業醫療人員包括專科醫生，無需轉介。參加本計劃時，您使用網路中內科醫生、醫療設施或其他專業醫療人員的服務，將得到最高水準的醫療福利金。此外，您不用擔心任何保險報銷申請表或帳單。
您也可以選擇網路之外的醫療，無需轉介。然而，您應當知道，接受非網路內科醫生、醫療設施或其他專業醫療人員的醫療時，會有較高的扣除額和共付款。此外，如果您選擇獲取網路之外的醫療，我們的計劃只支付醫療收費的一部分，剩餘部分的費用由您承擔。您需要支付的金額可能會很高，而且“最高自付金額”對其不適用。在您接受醫療之前，我們建議您向非網路內科醫生或專業醫療人員問一下他們的收費。
| | English to Chinese: Mechanical | Source text - English
Designing the Ideal System Flow Rate
• Fully qualified technical staff available to help ensure solid solutions for your water and heating needs.
Advantages of Air Separation and Benefits:
Efficient system operation
Decreased maintenance costs
Proper application of both the pressurization (lower energy consumption expansion tanks) and air elimination (noise reduction separator) devices will solve your “System Air” problems.
Minimizes oxygen induced corrosion and costly maintenance
These key components are necessary in the design and chemical water treatment
construction of closed circulation systems.
Protects valves and mechanical seals.
• Reduces sludge creation
The tangential air separators are ASME vessels designed with tangential openings to create a low velocity vortex where entrained air is separated and removed
• Optimizes pump performance:
– Reduces pump power requirements (Kwh) from circulating water or anti-freeze in a closed system. In addition, these tangential air separators can be supplied with a stainless steel strainer to collect unwanted system separators
• More effective than conventional “straight flow” debris.
– Allows for lower pumping capacity
– Helps prevent harmful pump cavitation
The keys to efficient air separation and elimination:
• Laminar flow
• Low pressure drop across the air separator
• Recommended system fluid velocity of 6 feet/second (1.83 M/S)
| Translation - Chinese
设计理想的系统流速
• 我们有完全合格的技术人员可帮助提供切实可靠的解决方案，满足您对水和暖气的需求。
空气分离的优势和好处：
高效率的系统运行
降低维护费用
适当应用加压（低能耗膨胀罐）和空气消除（消音分离器）装置，可以解决您的“系统空气”问题。
降低氧引起的腐蚀和昂贵的维修费用
这些关键部件对于设计和化学水处理构建封闭的循环系统是必要的。
保护阀门和机械密封。
• 减少污泥的产生
正切空气分离器是按美国机械工程师学会（ASME）标准制造的容器，有正切开口，以产生一个低速旋涡，使夹带的空气在此被分离并去除
• 优化泵性能：
- 减少封闭系统中水循环或防冻所需的能量（千瓦时）。此外，这些正切空气分离器可随配一个不锈钢过滤器，以收集多余的系统分离器
• 效率高于传统的“直流”碎片。
- 允许较低的泵送能力
- 有助于防止有害的泵气穴
高效率空气分离和消除的关键：
• 层流
• 空气分离器前后的压力降较低
• 系统流体速度为推荐的 6 英尺/秒（1.83 米/秒）
| | English to Chinese: Medical technology | Source text - English
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Delivery Procedure
1. Prepare vascular access site according to standard practice.
2. Pre-dilate the lesion with a PTCA catheter.
NOTE: The Stent can be delivered without a pre-dilatation in patients who present with the following criteria:
• Age 18 and 75 years
• Reference vessel diameter 3.0 – 4.0 mm
• Lesions 25 mm in length
• Recent ( 6 months) history of angina
• Myocardial infarction 72 hours
• TIMI 3 flow in target vessel
• No angiographic evidence of calcium, severe tortuosity, 90 angulation at lesion
3. Maintain neutral pressure on inflation device. Open rotating hemostatic valve as widely as possible.
4. Backload Delivery System onto proximal portion of guide wire while maintaining guide wire position across target lesion.
5. Advance Delivery System over guide wire to target lesion. Utilize radiopaque balloon markers to position stent across lesion; perform angiography to confirm stent position.
NOTE: If during the process of moving the Delivery System into position you notice the stent has moved on the balloon, do not deploy the stent. The entire system should be removed as a single unit.
| Translation - Chinese
使用说明
递入程序
1. 按照标准操作，预备放置进入血管的部位。
2. 用一根 PTCA 导管对病灶进行预扩张。
注：患者具有下列指征时，可不经预扩张即放置支架：
• 年龄在 18-75 岁（含）之间
• 参考血管直径为 3.0 –4.0 毫米
• 病灶长度 25 毫米
• 最近（ 6 月）有心绞痛史
• 心肌梗死 72 小时
• 靶血管内血流 TIMI 3 级
• 病变部位血管造影未见有钙、严重扭曲和呈 90 角的迹象
3. 让充盈装置保持中性压力。将旋转止血阀开到最大。
4. 自后部将递送系统（Delivery System）放置于导丝近端部分之上，同时保持导丝穿于靶病灶之上。
5. 将递送系统前移，自导丝上方到达靶病灶。利用射线不通透的球囊标记，调准支架于病灶之上；进行血管造影确认支架位置。
注：若在移动递送系统到位的过程中，发现支架在球囊上移动，请勿展开支架。整个系统应作为一个整体移出。
| | English to Chinese: Patent Informed Consent | Source text - English
PATIENT INFORMED CONSENT
Your identity and contact details will be made anonymous by your study doctor through the use of a code number. Only the study doctor will keep your full identity and contact details for the purpose of your participation in the study. You will not be identified by your name in any file, results, publications or records kept by XYZ Company or the sponsor in relation to this study. XYZ Company, the sponsor, or their representatives, as well as regulatory authorities may, however, need to access your patient file at certain occasion in order to comply with regulatory or legal obligations.
Legal basis for the processing of your data
Your medical and health data are processed on the basis of Article 7, § 2, (j), of the Belgian Data Protection Act of December 8, 1992 when such processing is carried out under the supervision of a health professional and is necessary for the purposes of medical diagnosis, treatment or the management of health-care services and, on the basis Article 7, § 2, (a), of the Data Protection Act of December 8, 1992 (your written consent hereunder) for any other purposes described in this Patient Informed Consent Form.
Consent:
By signing this Patient Informed Consent Form and by entering this study, you agree to the above described processing and transfer of your personal data.
| Translation - Chinese
患者知情同意
您的身份和联系信息将由您的研究医生通过使用代码进行匿名处理。 只有研究医生会持有您的完整身份和联系信息,供参加研究之用。 在XYZ公司或赞助商持有的与本研究相关的任何文件、结果、出版物或记录中,都不会以姓名识别您的身份。 然而,XYZ公司、赞助商或其代表以及监管机关为遵守监管和法律义务,在某些情况下可能需要取阅您的患者档案。
数据处理的法律基础
您的医疗及健康数据依照1992年12月8日颁布的比利时数据保护法案第7条§2款(j)项进行处理,要求此类数据处理在医学专业人员的监督下进行,并且是为医学诊断、治疗或医疗保健服务管理之目的,以及在1992年12月8日颁布的数据保护法案第7条§2款(a)项(下文之书面同意)的基础上,为本«患者知情同意书»中所述的任何其他目的所必需的。
同意:
经签署本«患者知情同意书»并参加本研究,您同意上述对您个人资料的处理和传送。
| | English to Chinese: User's Guide | Source text - English
User′s Guide
Operation
Operate the lift using the pushbuttons on the handcontrol.
For raising and lowering the lift arm:
Press and , respectively.
Directional arrows show the direction of movement (up/dowm).
The thicker arrows on the handcontral correspond to the maximal speed and the thinner arrows correspond to a slower lifting speed (only mod. ES). Lifting motions stops as soon as the push-button is released.
For base width adjustment (only mod. EE/ES):
Press either of the two push-buttons.
Wider
Narrower
Base width adjustment (only mod. EM)
Width adjustment of the base is done manually with a lever that locks in a range of positions. Simply release the lever at the desired width and it locks in place.
To use the Emergency Stop:
Push the red Emergency Stop button on the control box.
To reset the Emergency Stop:
Turn the button in the direction of the arrows.
Electrical emergency lowering
With a narrow object, press the hole marked “EMERGENCY” on the control box.
Model ES is also equipped for electrical emergency raising.
△ The object used to press must not be sharp, since this could cause damage on the control box.
Mechanical Emergency Lowering
Mechanical emergency lowering is performed by turning the red emergency-lowering cylinder in the direction of the arrows.
Locking the wheels
The rear wheels can be locked for rotation and lateral movement. To lock the wheels press the brake lever above the wheel down with your foot. Release the wheels by pressing the top side of the lever.
During lifting, wheels should remain unlocked so that the lift may shift to the patient's center of gravity. The wheels should however be locked if there is a risk for the lift moving into the patient, for example when lifting from the floor.
△ Locked wheels during lifting increases the risk of the lift tilting over.
△ Never pull the lift by the actuator! This may result in damage to the lift and possible injury.
| Translation - Chinese
用户指南
操作说明
使用手控器上的按钮对移动借助器进行操作。
升高与降低移动借助器的支臂：
可分别按下 和 按钮。
箭头方向即为运动方向（上/下）。
手控器上粗线箭头对应的提升速度最快，而细线箭头对应的提升速度则较相对较慢（仅适用于 ES 模式）。释放该按钮后，提升运动随即停止。
调节底座宽度（仅适用于 EE/ES 模式）：
可按下以下两个按钮中的任意一个按钮。
增加宽度
缩小宽度
调节底座宽度（仅适用于 EM 模式）
通过将一个手杆锁定于一定范围内可对底座的宽度进行手动调节。只需在释放手杆后将其移至所需宽度，然后锁定即可。
使用紧急停止按钮：
按下控制箱上的红色紧急停止按钮即可。
重置紧急停止按钮：
向箭头所指方向旋转紧急停止按钮即可。
电动紧急降低
可使用一个较窄的物体按下控制箱上标识有“紧急”字样的圆孔。
ES 模式还配有电动紧急提升功能。
△ 按压圆孔的物体不能过于锐利，以避免损坏控制箱。
机械紧急降低
可朝箭头方向转动红色紧急降低圆筒，完成机械紧急降低。
锁定车轮
为防止车轮发生滚动与侧滑，可对后轮进行锁定。用脚踩压车轮上方的制动杆即可锁定车轮。再次踩压制动杆顶部即可释放车轮。
在进行提升操作时，车轮应当保持在非锁定状态，以便移动借助器能切换至病人的重心位置。如果移动借助器有移向病人的危险，如从地面进行提升时，则应当锁定车轮。
△ 在进行提升操作时锁定车轮可能增加移动借助器发生倾翻的风险。
△ 请勿采用驱动器推动移动借助器！这可能导致移动借助器的损坏，或造成人员伤害。
| | English to Chinese: Mechanical Engineering | Source text - English
A manufacturer fine-tunes its automatic transmissions for heavy trucks.
Moving a Class 8 tractor-trailer down the road with efficiency is a tricky business. With a rig that weighs 33,000 pounds or more, the driver has to shift 10 to 18 times just to get the truck up to highway speed. Once cruising velocity is achieved, the driver is constantly shifting among as many as four top gears as traffic or terrain mandates.
According to K. G., principal reliability engineer for E. H. D. Transmission Division, "If you have a pure manual transmission, a great driver can achieve the maximum fuel efficiency. But now, senior drivers are getting harder to come by, and average and beginner drivers are very fuel inefficient. They don't optimize the cycle."
Trucking companies are very much interested in achieving optimal fuel efficiency. A gain of 4 or 5 percent could mean annual savings of hundreds of thousands of dollars for a company with a large fleet of trucks. In addition, companies would like to increase driver retention, and one way to do so is to make the big rigs easier to drive in congested traffic.
What's more, the strength and size of drivers varies greatly, and not all of them are happy using manual transmissions. Taken together, these factors add up to the increasing demand for automatic transmissions for heavy trucks. The trucking companies want them for fuel efficiency and driver retention, and the drivers want them for ease of use.
According to A. W., senior technologist for the E.T.G., "These trucks need fast shifts. But you don't want it to be harsh, either; you want the transmission to shift smoothly so the driver doesn't get thrown around and you don't break things in the drivetrain."
| Translation - Chinese
自动变速器制造商精调重型货车的自动变速器
在道路上有效地驾驶一辆8级牵引拖车是一件棘手的事。由于拖车重达3.3万磅或更重，因此仅仅要让拖车达到公路行驶速度，司机就必须换档10-18次。在达到了稳速行驶速度之后，根据交通或地形情况，司机还要经常在4个高速档之间换档。
按E. H. D. Transmission Division的可靠性主工程师K.G的话说：“如果使用纯手动的变速器，一位优秀的司机是能够达到最高燃油效率。但现在高级司机越来越难找，而普通司机和新手司机的燃油效率又非常低下。他们不会优化操作过程。”
货运公司对获取最佳燃油效率极感兴趣。燃油效率提高4％或5％，对于拥有一支大车队的货运公司来说，每年可以节省几十万美元。此外，公司也希望更好地留住司机，而其中一个方法就是使大型货车在交通拥挤时较易于驾驶。
再者，司机的力气和身材也大不相同，他们并非都乐意使用手动变速器。所有这些因素都日益要求重型货车使用自动变速器。货运公司想用它们是为了提高燃油效率和留住司机，而司机则是为了使用方便。
按E.T.G的高级技术专家A. W的话说：“这些货车需要快速换档。但也不希望换档太急；而是希望能够平稳地换档，这样司机就不会被甩来甩去，同时也不希望对传动系统的部件造成损坏。
| | English to Chinese: User Manual for patients | Source text - English
(Page 4)
Baha Intenso™
1. Volume control
2. Electrical input
3. Battery compartment
4. Microphone
5. Program selector
6. Plastic snap connector
7. Attachment point for the safety line
8. Serial number
The Baha Intenso™ is a bone conduction sound processor and the most powerful of our head worn devices. The Baha® bone conduction system works by combining a sound processor with an abutment and a small titanium implant placed in the skull behind the ear. The system is based on a process of “osseointegration” through which living bone tissue integrates with titanium. Thus, the titanium implant becomes one with the bone allowing sound to be conducted via the skull bone directly to the cochlea and improving your hearing.
Please read this manual carefully to learn how to use and maintain your sound processor. Be sure to discuss any questions or concerns that you may have regarding hearing or use of this system with your hearing health care professional.
(Partly page 9)
Care and maintenance
Cleaning the abutment area
When the last dressing has been removed and the abutment is exposed hygiene continues to be very important.
Daily care
On a daily basis the area around the abutment should be cleaned to avoid debris build up. This build up around the base of the abutment is not a scab and must be removed. Cleaning this area is most easily done when you bath or take a shower as plenty of warm water and soap on the area will help to soften any crust that may have developed around the base of the abutment. A soft brush is provided together with your sound processor for this purpose.
(Page 15)
Accessories
Several accessories are available to enhance your sound experience in different contexts. To ensure the smooth operation of your Baha, only use Cochlear original accessories or accessories approved by Cochlear
Audio adapter
Allows direct input from personal stereos, TVs, MP3s and Hi-fi equipment.
MicroLink Baha FM-receiver
Enables the use of Phonak FM transmitters HandyMic, Easylink, Smartlink, TelCom and Campus S.
Telecoil unit
Improves sound quality and speech understanding in homes where there are personal loop systems installed and in other buildings with loop facilities.
| Translation - Chinese
(Page 4)
Baha Intenso™
1. 音量控制
2. 电输入
3. 电池间
4. 麦克风
5. 程序选择器
6. 塑料按扣式连接器
7. 安全线路的连接点
8. 系列号
Baha Intenso™ 是一种骨传导声音处理器，是我们的头戴式装置中功能最强大的装置。 Baha® 骨传导系统的工作原理是，将声音处理器与一个对接装置和一个置于耳后头骨中的钛质小植入体相结合。 本系统依据一种“骨集成”工艺，活的骨组织与钛通过这一工艺集成在一起。 经过这一工艺，钛植入体与骨成为一体，使声音可以通过头骨骨骼直接传导到科利耳，并可以提高听力。
请仔细阅读本手册，了解如何使用和维护声音处理器。 如果对于听力或使用本系统你有任何疑问或顾虑，请与你的听力保健专业人员讨论。
(Partly page 9)
保养和维护
清洁对接区域
当上一次敷料已经取下，对接处露出时，保持卫生依然很重要。
日常保养
对接处周围区域应当每日清洁，以免残屑积聚。 在对接处基部周围的这种残屑积聚并非结痂，必须除去。 最容易清洁这一区域的时间是在你泡浴或淋浴之时，此时，此区域上会有大量的温皂水，可以协助软化对接处基部周围出现的任何硬皮。 为了进行这种清洁，声音处理器随配了一把软毛刷。
(Page 15)
附件
我们供有几个附件，可以增进你在不同语境中的声音体验。 为了保证 Baha 产品顺利操作，请仅使用 Cochlear 原装附件或 Cochlear 核准的附件。
音频适配器
允许来自个人立体声系统、电视、MP3 和高保真设备的直接输入。
MicroLink Baha 调频接收器
能够使用 Phonak 调频发射器 HandyMic、Easylink、Smartlink、TelCom 和 Campus S。
Telecoil 装置
在装有个人回路系统的家里或配有回路设施的其他建筑物中，此装置可以提高音质和对言语的理解力。
| | English to Chinese: Hearing implant | Source text - English
(Page 4)
Baha Intenso™
1. Volume control
2. Electrical input
3. Battery compartment
4. Microphone
5. Program selector
6. Plastic snap connector
7. Attachment point for the safety line
8. Serial number
The Baha Intenso™ is a bone conduction sound processor and the most powerful of our head worn devices. The Baha® bone conduction system works by combining a sound processor with an abutment and a small titanium implant placed in the skull behind the ear. The system is based on a process of “osseointegration” through which living bone tissue integrates with titanium. Thus, the titanium implant becomes one with the bone allowing sound to be conducted via the skull bone directly to the cochlea and improving your hearing.
Please read this manual carefully to learn how to use and maintain your sound processor. Be sure to discuss any questions or concerns that you may have regarding hearing or use of this system with your hearing health care professional.
(Partly page 9)
Care and maintenance
Cleaning the abutment area
When the last dressing has been removed and the abutment is exposed hygiene continues to be very important.
Daily care
On a daily basis the area around the abutment should be cleaned to avoid debris build up. This build up around the base of the abutment is not a scab and must be removed. Cleaning this area is most easily done when you bath or take a shower as plenty of warm water and soap on the area will help to soften any crust that may have developed around the base of the abutment. A soft brush is provided together with your sound processor for this purpose.
(Page 15)
Accessories
Several accessories are available to enhance your sound experience in different contexts. To ensure the smooth operation of your Baha, only use Cochlear original accessories or accessories approved by Cochlear
Audio adapter
Allows direct input from personal stereos, TVs, MP3s and Hi-fi equipment.
MicroLink Baha FM-receiver
Enables the use of Phonak FM transmitters HandyMic, Easylink, Smartlink, TelCom and Campus S.
Telecoil unit
Improves sound quality and speech understanding in homes where there are personal loop systems installed and in other buildings with loop facilities.
| Translation - Chinese
(Page 4)
Baha Intenso™
1. 音量控制
2. 電輸入
3. 電池間
4. 麥克風
5. 程式選擇器
6. 塑膠按扣式連接器
7. 安全線路的連接點
8. 序列號
Baha Intenso™ 是一種骨傳導聲音處理器，是我們的頭戴式裝置中功能最強大的裝置。 Baha® 骨傳導系統的工作原理是，將聲音處理器與一個對接裝置和一個置於耳後頭骨中的鈦質小植入體相結合。 本系統依據一種骨整合摂工藝，活的骨組織與鈦通過這一工藝整合在一起。 經過這一工藝，鈦植入體與骨成為一體，使聲音可以通過頭骨骨骼直接傳導到科利耳，並可以提高聽力。
請仔細閱讀本手冊，瞭解如何使用和維護聲音處理器。 如果對於聽力或使用本系統你有任何疑問或顧慮，請與你的聽力健康照顧專業人員討論。
(Partly page 9)
保養和維護
清潔對接區域
當上一次敷料已經取下，對接處露出時，保持衛生依然很重要。
日常保養
對接處周圍區域應當每日清潔，以免殘屑積聚。 在對接處基部周圍的這種殘屑積聚並非結痂，必須除去。 最容易清潔這一區域的時間是在你泡浴或淋浴之時，此時，此區域上會有大量的溫皂水，可以協助軟化對接處基部周圍出現的任何硬皮。 為了進行這種清潔，聲音處理器隨配了一把軟毛刷。
(Page 15)
附件
我們供有幾個附件，可以增進你在不同語境中的聲音體驗。 為了保證 Baha 產品順利操作，請僅使用 Cochlear 原裝附件或 Cochlear 核准的附件。
音頻轉接器
允許來自個人身歷聲系統、電視、MP3 和 Hi-fi 設備的直接輸入。
MicroLink Baha 調頻接收器
能夠使用 Phonak 調頻發射器 HandyMic、Easylink、Smartlink、TelCom 和 Campus S。
Telecoil 裝置
在裝有個人回路系統的家裏或配有回路設施的其他建築物中，此裝置可以提升音質和對言語的理解力。
| | Chinese to English: Chemical patent translation | Source text - Chinese
用于制备聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的原料
技术领域
本发明涉及的是—种用于制备聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的原料。属于高分子材料技术。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯由于其分子结合的突出性能，而具有极其良好的化学稳定性，且耐强酸、强碱和耐多种化学产品的腐蚀，同时它还具有极其宽广的耐温性能，在-180℃至260℃温度范围内可以长期使用。这是任何别的高分子材料所难以达到的，所以，人们称之为“塑料王”。由于聚四氟乙烯良好的化学稳定性，且安全无毒，因而它的实用范围十分广阔。主要用聚四氟乙烯生产的产品聚四氟乙烯微孔膜，可以制成层压复合面料，或者用作化工过滤和绝缘材料等。
聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的制备步骤依次是配料；预压成型；挤压延伸；高温脱脂；双向拉伸；高温固化定型。人们在理论研究和具体实验相结合的研发过程中已经认识到，在其整个制备步骤中，所用原料是影响其制成品的质量指标和技术性能的主要关键技术。而已有技术的原料，大多是聚四氟乙烯和溶剂煤油的二元混合物，其制成品的强度、微孔均匀分布度等特别是成品率较差，其成品率一般0.5微米。中国专利公开号CN1392180A、名称为“聚四氟乙烯微孔膜生产工艺技术”，提供了一种生产聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜的原料为聚四氟乙烯、溶剂为3号喷气燃料和分散剂为抗静电剂烷基水氧酸铬与丁二酸异辛脂磺酸钙复合物的三元混合物，再加上生产过程的实时在线检测和计算机控制，从而生产出质量指标和技术性能都比上述已有技术的二元混合物原料都有明显提高的制成品。尽管如此，理论和实践相结合的研发结果显示，上述专利申请所用的溶剂3号喷气燃料，与聚四氟乙烯复复配后所制备的胚料的延伸性和柔软性，虽然比采用溶剂煤油和石脑油要好点，但仍然影响其制备过程的延展性和强度；而所加的抗静电剂对提高薄膜的微孔均匀度作用也不显著，因而上述专利申请制成品的成品率及其微孔均匀分布程度仍然比较差，其成品率—般 | Translation - English
Material for the Preparation of PTFE Micro-Pore Film
Technical Field
This invention involves a kind of material for the preparation of PTFE micro-pore film. It is a kind of technology of high molecular material.
Technical Background
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) has excellent performance in molecular binding, good chemical stability and high resistance to strong acid, alkali and other chemicals. It also has good performance to resist a wide range of temperature, and can be long-term used under temperature from -180℃ to 260℃. This is impossible to any other high molecular material. Therefore, PTFE is called the King of plastics. Due to its good chemical stability and its safety and non-toxicity, it is used widely. The main product made of PTFE is PTFE micro-pore film, which can be made into composite laminating surface material, or used as filtering or insulating material in chemical engineering.
Steps for the preparation of PTFE micro-pore film include in turn: raw material mixing, pre-pressing, extruding and extending, de-greasing under high temperature, stretching in both direction and solidifying under high temperature. During theoretical researches and related experiments, materials used have been found to be the key point which influences the quality and technical performance of finished products. Most of the existing raw materials are the binary mixture of PTFE and coal oil solvent. The finished products of them have poor strength and poor distribution uniformity of micro-pore, especially, the rate of finished products is very low, generally lower than 85%, with the distribution of micro-pore larger than 0.5 micron. A ternary mixture was stated in Chinese patent with a title of Production Process and Technology of PTFE Micro-pore Film (publication No. CN1392180A). It used PTFE as raw material, No.3 jet fuel as solvent, and used composite of chromium alkyl-salicylate (antistatic agent) and calcium iso-octyl-succinate sulfonate as dispersant. Combining real time on-line check and computer control during production, the quality and technical performances of the finished products were all improved obviously compared those by the above binary mixture. However, the development results by combining theory and practice shows that, by using No.3 jet fuel as solvent, the semi-finished product after PTFE mixed has better extensibility and softness than those using coal oil or naphtha as solvent, but the two performances still are not satisfying; also, in this patent, the antistatic agent added into the mixture can’t obviously improved the micro-pore uniformity of the film. Therefore, both the rate of finished product in the patent and the micro-pore uniformity are still poor, the rate is lower than 90% normally, which made the cost high. Especially, the finished products can’t meet the requirement of Chemical Filter Class, which makes it difficult to expand the range of the finished products.
| | English to Chinese: Medical Device | Source text - English
External Drainage and Monitoring Accessories
Description
EDM Patient Connection Line Assembly
This nondistensible patient connection line assembly (Fig. 1), fabricated of blue-striped tubing, with patient line stopcock, latex-free injection site, and red end plug, allows connection of a ventricular or lumbar drainage catheter directly to a drainage bag (Fig. 2).
EDMS Drainage Bag
The XXX Neurosurgery XXX EDMS Drainage Bag is a vented, 700 mL drainage bag with approximate volumetric markings and anti-reflux valve for use when drainage of CSF is required. The bag is provided with the XXX EDMS, the EDM Drainage Assembly, and the EDM Drainage Kits (Ventricular and Lumbar). The bag is also available separately as an individually packaged product. The drainage bag may be replaced if necessary, or may be emptied by loosening the vented port cap assembly from the drainage bag luerlock. The individually packaged drainage bag includes a braided cord. The bag may be mounted directly to the XXX EDMS panel as shown in Figure 3. If complete system use with mounting panel is not desired, the drainage bag may be suspended with the cord and connected to the patient connection line or EDM Drainage Assembly.
EDM Drainage Bags (10-pack)
As an added convenience, EDM Drainage Bags are also available in a 10-pack box. Each drainage bag is individually sterile packaged and labeled, and includes a braided cord for suspension.
XXX EDMS Pole Clamp
The XXX EDMS Pole Clamp (Fig. 4) can be used to rigidly mount the XXX EDMS to an I.V. pole, if a rigid mounting is desired. The panel bracket of the XXX EDMS fits directly into the XXX EDMS Pole Clamp. For a secure fit, the thumb screws of the pole clamp should be oriented upwards (Fig. 5). The XXX EDMS Pole Clamp is reusable and is packaged nonsterile.
Indications:
The EDM Patient Connection Line Assembly is indicated to connect an EDM catheter to the balance of a drainage and/or monitoring system.
| Translation - Chinese
体外引流和监测配件
产品说明
EDM 患者连接线组件
本套患者连接线组件为不可伸展（图 1），由蓝色条纹的管子制作而成，配有患者连接线旋塞、不含乳胶的注射位点以及红色的端塞，用于将脑室或腰部引流导管直接连接到引流袋上（图 2）。
EDMS 引流袋
XXX 神经手术用 XXX EDMS 引流袋是带有排空口的 700mL 引流袋，其上有近似容积刻度标记和防逆流阀，防逆流阀用于引流脑脊液。引流袋还配有 XXX EDMS、EDM 引流器和全套 EDM 引流配件（脑室和腰部两种）。引流袋产品也以单件包装的形式供应。必要时，可以更换引流袋，也可以将引流袋圆锥软管接头（luerlock）上的排空口盖子松开，排空引流袋。单件包装的引流袋含有一条辫状编织绳。引流袋可以直接固定在 XXX EDMS 面板上，如图 3 所示。如果无需使用包括固定面板的整套系统，可用编织绳将引流袋悬挂起来，并连接到患者连接线或 EDM 引流器上。
EDM 引流袋（10 袋装）
为了更加方便使用，EDM 引流袋还有 10 袋一盒地供应。其中，每个引流袋为单独无菌包装并贴有标签，还带有一个悬挂用的编织绳。
XXX EDMS 吊杆夹
需要刚性固定时，可用 XXX EDMS 吊杆夹（图 4）将 XXX EDMS 刚性地固定于静脉注射吊杆上。XXX EDMS 面板托架为直接装配在 XXX EDMS 吊杆夹上。为了配合牢固，吊杆夹的翼形螺钉应朝上（图 5）。XXX EDMS 吊杆夹可重复使用，为非无菌包装。
适用范围
EDM 患者连接线组件用于将 EDM 导管连接到引流和/或监测系统的其他配套装置上。
| | Chinese to English: China Mechanical Standard | Source text - Chinese
客车座椅及其车辆固定件的强度
1 范围
本标准规定了客车座椅及其车辆固定件的术语和定义、要求与试验方法。
本标准适用于M2和M3类车中面向前方安装的座椅。车辆应具有座椅固定件，用来安装上述座椅或可能安装在这些固定件上的其他形式的座椅。
本标准不适用于M2、M3类客车中A级和Ⅰ 级客车使用的座椅。
M2类客车的座椅，也可应制造厂要求，选择CMVDR 217规定的技术要求与试验方法进行。
| Translation - English
Strength of Passenger Car Seats and Fasteners for Attaching the Seats to the Vehicle
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms, definition, requirement and testing methods of passenger car seats and the fasteners for attaching the seats to the vehicle
This standard pertains to seats which are installed facing ahead in M2 and M3 cars. The vehicle should have seating fasteners for installation of these seats or other forms of seats that may be installed on these fasteners.
This standard is not applicable to seats used in Class A or Class I of M2 and M3 passenger cars.
Seats for M2 passenger cars may choose to use the technical requirements and testing methods provided in CMVDR 217 when requested by the manufacturer.
| | English to Chinese: CAMDEN Lumbar Drainage Catheter Kit | Source text - English
CAMDEN Lumbar Drainage Catheter Kit
Indications
The CAMDEN Lumbar Drainage Catheter Kit is indicated for temporary access to the lumbar subarachnoid region and, when used with other Camden devices, is designed to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other fluids of similar physical characteristics as a means of reducing increased intracranial volume and pressure.
Contraindications
This device is not designed, sold, or intended for use except as indicated.
The placement of this catheter is not indicated in patients with cerebrospinal fluid infections or disorders of the midline of the lumbosacral spinal region (i.e. spinal dysrhaphism, myelomeningoceles, or meningoceles).
Catheter placement should not be performed in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid containing debris and blood particles, as these may obstruct the narrow lumen of the catheter.
Repeated lumbar punctures may be performed to clear the cerebrospinal fluid of such debris. The catheter can be subsequently inserted.
Warnings
To avoid damage to the catheter, care must be taken not to withdraw the catheter from the needle in order to reposition it in the subarachnoid space. If the catheter must be removed, withdraw the needle and catheter simultaneously.
Infections can occur secondary to systemic infection of the drainage mechanism. Such infections can lead to arachnoiditis and are best treated by catheter removal and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
| Translation - Chinese
CAMDEN 腰椎引流导管装置
适应症
本套 CAMDEN 腰椎引流导管装置可临时置入腰椎蛛网膜下腔区域，当与其它 Camden 装置配用时，本引流导管可用于引流脑脊液 (CSF) 和其它具有类似物理特性的液体，以减少偏高的颅内液体容量和颅内压力。
禁忌症
本装置的设计、销售或预期用途仅限于上述适应症。
伴有脑脊液感染者或腰骶脊髓区中线疾病者（如神经管闭合不全、脊髓脊膜膨出或脑膜膨出），禁止使用本套引流导管。
脑脊液内有碎屑或血液颗粒者，禁止置入本导管，因为可能阻塞狭窄的导管腔。
可反复进行腰椎穿刺，将脑脊液中的碎屑清理掉。然后插入引流导管。
警告
为避免损坏引流导管，必须小心操作，在对蛛网膜下腔中的导管重新调整时，应注意不可将导管从穿刺针中拔出。如果必须拔出导管，必须同时将穿刺针和导管一起拔出。
引流装置引起的全身性感染可发生继发感染。这类感染可导致蛛网膜炎，其最好的治疗办法是拔出引流导管，并给予适当的抗生素治疗。
| | English to Chinese: Life Science | Source text - English
The MEDIX© Blodix™ Automated Blood Component Collection System uses the Disposable Tubing Set, which is a functionally closed set used to collect combinations of platelet, plasma, and red blood cell products for extended storage and later transfusion to patients. This set consists of a preconnected channel, cassette, product bags, and blood tubing. The Blodix Collection System Disposable Tubing Set features a cassette that integrally incorporates self-loading pump headers, filters, pressure diaphragms, sensors, and return reservoir. The cassette provides the hardware interface for sensors, valves, and an RBC detector.
The donor lines, the channel, and the product bags are preconnected. The blood separator channel is a sterile, nonpyrogenic device that spins in a centrifuge to separate blood components. The channel separates platelets, plasma, and red blood cells from whole blood with low cross-cellular contamination. The tubing set is designed for ease of loading and disposal. It routes blood components from the donor needle site through the system and back to the donor. The tubing is designed to minimize the extracorporeal volume, which is less than 230 ml.
Contraindications: There are no known contraindications for use of the MEDIX© Blodix™ Automated Blood Component Collection System, except those associated with the infusion of solutions as required by the procedure and those associated with all types of automated blood component separators.
WARNINGS
DANGER - Explosive Atmosphere. DO NOT use the Blodix Collection System in an explosive atmosphere, or under any combination of the following extreme operating conditions:
• Room temperature is less than 60° F (15.5° C) or greater than 82° F (27.7° C), and/or
• Controlled centrifuge speed is in excess of 3000 rpm.
| Translation - Chinese
MEDIX© Blodix™ 血液成分自动采集系统采用一个功能上封闭的一次性管路，采集由血小板、血浆和红细胞组成的血液产品，进行长期储存，待日后输给患者。该一次性管路由一个预连接的通道、采血盒、血液产品袋和血液输送管组成。Blodix™ 血液成分自动采集系统的一次性管路具有一个采血盒，采血盒含有自加载泵总集管、过滤器、压力膜片、传感器和回流血液储筒。采血盒还设置有与传感器、阀门和红细胞探测器连接的硬件接口。
采血管、通道和血液产品袋都是预先连接。血液分离通道是一个不发热的无菌装置，其在离心器内旋转，分离血液成分。通道从全血中分离出血小板、血浆和红细胞，细胞之间的交叉污染低。该一次性管路易于加载，用后处置也简单。一次性管路将采血针采到的血液成分输送通过血液采集系统，然后输送回到献血者。血液输送管的设计可减少体外循环量至 230ml 以下。
禁忌症：除了本血液采集所要求的输液的相关禁忌症，以及所有类型的血液成分自动分离器的相关禁忌症外，MEDIX© Blodix™ 血液成分自动采集系统目前尚无其它已知使用禁忌症。
警告
危险 — 易爆气体环境Blodix 采集系统不得在易爆气体环境中或下列极端操作条件下使用：
• 室内温度低于60° F (15.5° C) 或高于 82° F (27.7° C)，及/或
• 离心速度控制在 3000 rpm 以上。
| | Chinese to English: Pharma sample for Traditional Chinese into English translation | Source text - Chinese
第 1 部份：臨床研究受試者知情同意表單
研究課題：
96 週多中心、隨機、雙盲、活性對照、III 期臨床研究以評估與肝適能 (XXXX) 相比較克立夫定 (YYYY) 在第 48 週和第 96 週對未接受過核甘類藥物治療的 B 型肝炎病毒導致的 HBeAg 陽性慢性肝炎患者之療效與安全性 [CI-PSI-5268-06-305]
A. 研究目的：
您獲邀請參加一項臨床研究。由於您已有慢性 B 型肝炎 (HBV) 感染，因此您符合參加此項研究的條件。此項研究的目的是比較研究藥物克立夫定 (YYYY) 與肝適能 (XXXX dipivoxil)
(Hepsera®) 對 HBV 攜帶者及從未使用過「核甘類似物」藥物治療過 B 型肝炎的患者的安全性與有效性。肝適能 (XXXX dipivoxil) 屬於「核甘類似物」藥物。其他「核甘類似物」藥物如肝安能 (lamivudine)、恩曲他濱 (emtricitabine) 和濟而剛 (abacavir)。
克立夫定 (YYYY) 作為研究藥物，因為此藥尚未經過美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 審批。肝適能 (XXXX dipivoxil) 已經通過美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 審批，獲准作為治療 HBV 攜帶者的藥物，並且屬於處方用藥。
此項臨床研究所需的資金由研究委托者 TTTT, Inc. 及研究藥物克立夫定 (YYYY) 的生產廠商提供。
B. 臨床研究說明：
此知情同意表單將告訴您關於此項研究的細節，以協助您決定是否願意參加此項研究。請仔細閱讀此同意表單的所有內容，然後再做出您的選擇。如果您有任何疑問或對任何內容尚不太清楚，請洽詢研究醫師，或者與您的家人及/或個人醫師商討。如果您選擇參加此項臨床研究，將會要求您在此同意表單上簽名。
此項研究將共招募約 376 名 HBV 感染受試者，研究將在分佈於美國的幾個研究中心進行，在
Mount Sinai 將招募約 6 名受試者。如果您決定參加此項研究，您將被隨機（偶然，如同從小帽子裡隨意取出一個號碼）分配到下列兩個研究藥物組中的其中一組：
第 1 組將每日一次同時服用一粒 30 mg 克立夫定 (YYYY) 膠囊和一粒安慰劑膠囊。安慰劑是不含任何有效藥物成份的膠囊，但其看上去好像「真」藥物膠囊一樣。此項研究中每 3 位受試者中大約有 2 位 (67%) 將接受克立夫定 (YYYY)。
| Translation - English
Part I: Clinical Research Subject Informed Consent Form
Study Title:
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-control, 96-week Phase III Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Clevudine (YYYY) versus Adefovir (XXXX) at Weeks 48 and 96 in Nucleoside Naïve Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Induced HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis [CI-PSI-5268-06-305]
Purpose of the Study
You are being asked to participate in a clinical study. You are eligible for this study because you have had chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Clevudine (YYYY) versus Adefovir (XXXX,dipivoxil) (Hepsera®) in HBV carriers and nucleoside naïve hepatitis B patients. Adefovir (XXXXdipivoxil) is a nucleoside analogue. Other nucleoside analogues include lamivudine, emtricitabine and abacavir.
Clevudine (YYYY), as a study medication, has not been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Adefovir (XXXX dipivoxil) has been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a prescription drug to treat patients with HBV.
This clinical research is funded by the study sponsor, TTTT, Inc. and the manufacturer of the study drug, Clevudine (YYYY).
B. Description of the Clinical Study
This informed consent form will tell you about the details of this study to help you decide whether you are willing to participate in this study. Please read all contents in this Form carefully before you make your decision. If you have questions or have anything that you do not understand, please ask your doctor or discuss with your family and/or your personal doctor. If you choose to participate in this clinical study, you will be required to sign this consent form.
Approximately 376 subject with HBV infection will be enrolled in this study which will be conducted at several study sites in the US, and approximately 6 subjects will be recruited in Mount Sinai. If you decide to participate in this study, you will be randomly (by chance, like randomly taking a number from a small cap) assigned to either of the following treatment groups:
Group 1 will take one capsule of 30 mg Clevudine (YYYY) together with one capsule of placebo once daily. Placebo is a capsule that does not contain any active drug ingredients, but it looks like a "real" drug capsule. Approximately two out of three subjects (67%) will receive Clevudine (YYYY) in this study.
| Japanese to English: Japanese patent translation
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Electronics / Elect Eng | Source text - Japanese
【実用新案登録請求の範囲】
【請求項1】導電性を有する非磁性金属材料でなる浮上体を交流電磁石の交番磁界を利用して、浮上、搬送させる交流磁気浮上搬送装置において、上記浮上体を浮上、搬送させるために同浮上体の搬送方向に配設された交流電磁石列とは別に、この交流電磁石列と平行に第1の永久磁石を連続に、または間隔をとって配設すると共に、上記浮上体に第2の永久磁石を取着し、上記浮上体の搬送方向に沿って配設された第1の永久磁石と上記浮上体に取着された第2の永久磁石の吸引力により、上記浮上体の浮上、搬送時の横方向のステアリング力を高めるようにしたことを特徴とする交流磁気浮上搬送装置。
【0024】
【実施例】
図1は本考案の第1実施例を示す交流磁気浮上搬送装置の構成を示す図であり、交流電磁石列の配置は前記図4および図5で示したものと同じである。そこで図1の交流電磁石列には、図4および図5のそれと同一符号3を付してある。
【0025】
図1において、14は2列の交流電磁石列3からなる搬送ライン上を浮上、走行する浮上体である。この浮上体14は、同浮上体14だけでもある程度のステアリング力を有するように形状が工夫されており、その形状は、同図(b)の平面図に一点鎖線で示すように、前記図5の浮上体4と同様の十字形をなした平板状のものとなっている。なお、十字形以外に、H字形、T字形もしくは逆T字形などにすることも可能である。
【0026】
図1の交流磁気浮上搬送装置では、上記浮上体14の一層のステアリング力の増加を計るために、まず、2列の交流電磁石列3からなる搬送ラインの間に、その搬送ライン（を構成する交流電磁石列3）と平行に永久磁石1が配設された構造としている。この永久磁石1は全て同極が上向きとなっており、連続に設けられても、間隔をとって設けられても構わない。また、浮上体14の下面の、同浮上体14が2列の交流電磁石列3からなる搬送ライン上を浮上、走行した場合に、永久磁石1と対向する位置には、図1(a)の正面図に破線で示すように、永久磁石2が取着される。この永久磁石2は浮上体14の下面に、図1(b)の平面図に破線で示すように、例えば3個取着されており、全て永久磁石1に対し吸引力が作用する構造となっている。
【0027】
上記した図1の構成によれば、交流電磁石列3（を構成する交流電磁石）に交流電流を通電すると、交流電磁石列3により生ずる交流磁場と、この交流磁場中にある浮上体14に生ずる過電流により形成される磁場の反発力により、浮上体14の浮上が実現される。
【0028】
また図1の構成では、2列の交流電磁石列3からなる搬送ラインの間に配設された永久磁石1と浮上体14の下面に取付けられた永久磁石2との間には上述のように吸引力が作用する。したがって、浮上体14が搬送ライン上を浮上、走行する場合に、その横方向、即ち走行方向と直角な方向の浮上体14のステアリング力を大きくすることができる。
【0029】
なお、永久磁石1と永久磁石2との間に作用する吸引力を浮上体4の浮上に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。しかし、この吸引力が上記の反発力に比較して小さくなるように永久磁石の強さを選ぶことにより、浮上体4の浮上への影響を小さくすることができる。
【0030】
上記した図1の例（第1実施例）は、浮上体だけでもある程度のステアリング力を有するように浮上体形状が工夫された構成に、さらに本考案独自の構成を加え、永久磁石1と永久磁石2の間の吸引力によるステアリング力の増加を計ったものである。
【0031】
次に、浮上体については何も形状が工夫されていない構成に、本考案独自の構成を加えて、浮上体のステアリング力の増加を計るようにした本考案の第2実施例について、図2を参照して説明する。なお、図1と同一部分には同一符号を付してある。
【0032】
図2の構成が、上記図1と異なる点は、十字形をなす浮上体14に代えて、何も形状が工夫されていない単なる矩形の平板からなる浮上体24が用いられている点である。浮上体24の下面には、永久磁石2が取付けられ、2列の交流電磁石列3からなる搬送ラインの間には、永久磁石1が連続に、または間隔をとって配設する。
【0033】
このような構造とすることにより、矩形の平板からなる浮上体24だけでは、同浮上体24に何もステアリング力を生じさせなくても、永久磁石1、2間に作用する吸引力により、浮上体24にステアリング力を付加することができるようになり、この単なる平板からなる浮上体24についても、搬送ライン上を正常に浮上、走行することが可能となる。
| Translation - English
[Claims of New Utility Model]
1. An AC magnetic levitation transportation device which uses an alternating magnetic field to levitate and move a levitated object made of non-magnetic, conductive metal materials, wherein:
for said levitated object to be levitated and transferred, in addition to the AC electromagnet rows installed in the direction of the transfer of the levitated object, first permanent magnets are continuously or spacedly installed in parallel with the AC electromagnet rows and permanent magnets are also installed on said levitated object.
The traction to said levitated object in the transverse direction when it is levitated and transferred is increased through the attraction between the first permanent magnets installed in the direction of the transfer of said levitated object and the second permanent magnets installed on said levitated object.
[0024]
[Embodiment]
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of first embodiment of the AC levitation transportation device according to the present invention. The AC electromagnet rows are arranged in the same way as shown in the above Figure 4 and Figure 5. Therefore, Figure 1 uses the same symbol 3 as in Figure 4 and Figure 5 to indicate the AC electromagnets.
[0025]
In Figure 1, the numbering 14 indicates the levitated object which moves levitatedly along the transfer lines comprising two rows of electromagnets 3. The levitated object 14 is shaped so that said levitated object 14 by itself has a certain degree of traction. The shape is shown by dotted lines in the top view of Figure (b) and is the same crisscross flat plate as that of the levitated object 4 shown in the above Figure 5. In addition to the crisscross shape, it can be an H, T or reversed T shape.
[0026]
In the AC levitation transportation device shown in Figure 1, in order to further increase the traction to said levitated object 14, firstly permanent magnets 1 are installed in parallel with the transfer lines (comprising the AC electromagnet rows 3) between the two transfer lines comprising the AC electromagnet rows 3. The permanent magnets 1 are all arranged with the same magnetic pole facing up and can be mounted continuously or spacedly. In addition, when the levitated object 14 is levitated and moves along the transfer lines comprising the AC electromagnet rows 3, there are permanent magnets 2 installed underneath said levitated object 14 facing the permanent magnets 1 as shown by the dotted lines in the front view 1(a). Underneath the levitated object 14, 3 pieces of the permanent magnets 2 are installed as shown by the dotted line in the top view 1(b), and all of said permanent magnets 2 attract the permanent magnets 1.
[0027]
According to the structure shown in the above Figure 1, a current is applied to the AC electromagnet rows 3 (comprising of the AC electromagnets) so that the repulsive force between the alternating magnetic field produced by the AC electromagnet rows 3 and the magnetic field generated by the over-current in the levitated object 14 in the alternating magnetic field lifts up the levitated object 14.
[0028]
In the structure shown in Figure 1, as described above, there is an attractive force between the permanent magnets 1 installed between the transfer lines comprising the two rows of AC electromagnets 3 and the permanent magnets 2 installed underneath the levitated object 14. As a result, when the levitated object 14 is levitated and moves along the transfer lines, the traction to the levitated object 14 in the transverse direction, i.e. perpendicular to the movement direction, can be increased.
[0029]
The attractive force between the permanent magnets 1 and permanent magnets 2 may influence the lifting of the levitated object 14. However, to ensure the attractive force is smaller than the repulsive force, the influence on the levitated object 14 can be reduced by selecting the degree of attractive force of the permanent magnets.
[0030]
In the embodiment shown in the above Figure 1 (first embodiment), in addition to shaping the levitated object so that it has a certain degree of traction, a unique structure of the present invention is incorporated to increase the traction through the attractive force between the permanent magnets 1 and permanent magnets 2.
[0031]
Secondly, the second embodiment of the present invention does not specifically shape the levitated object but the traction of the levitated object is increased only by using the unique structure of the present invention, as described with reference to Figure 2. The same parts as those shown in Figure 1 are indicated with the same symbols.
[0032]
The structure shown in Figure 2 is different from that shown in above Figure 1 and does not use the crisscross levitated object, instead it uses a levitated object of a simple rectangle flat plate that is not specially shaped. The permanent magnets 2 are installed under the levitated object and the permanent magnets 2 are installed continuously or spacedly between the transfer lines comprising two rows of AC electromagnets.
[0033]
By adopting this structure, the levitated object 24 only in the shape of a rectangle flat plate does not have any traction, and traction can be applied to the levitated object 24 through the attractive force between the permanent magnets 1 and 2. In this way, the levitated object 24 comprising of a simple flat plate can also be properly levitated while moving along the transfer lines.
| Japanese to English: Stable Eye Drop
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng | Source text - Japanese
1. 発明の名称
安定な点眼剤
2. 特許請求の範囲
(1) 第4級アンモニゥム塩類及びコンドロイ，チン硫酸ナトリウムを配合する点眼剤において，グリチルリチン酸またはその塩を配合することを特徵とする点眼剤。
(2) グリチルリチン酸またはその塩を0.01 〜0.5 w/v%の割合で配合する請求項（1）记載の点眼剤。
(3) 第4級アンモニゥム塩類及びコンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウムを配合する点眼剤において，ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油，ポリ才キシェチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル，ボリ才キシェチレン脂肪酸エステルまたはポリ才キシエチレンボリオキシプロピレンエ一チルの中から通ばれた1種または2種以上を配合することを特徴とする点眼剤。
(4) ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油，ポリオキシ，エチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル，ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エスチルまたはポリオキシェチレンボリォキシプロピレンェ一チルの中から選ばれた1種または2種以上を0.01〜0.5 w/v %の割合で配合する請求项(3)記载の点眼剤。
(5) 第4級アンモニゥム塩類が塩化ベンザルコヱゥムまたは塩化ベンゼトニゥムである請求項(1)または請求項(3)記载の点眼剤。
(6) 第4級アンモニゥム塩類を（0.0l〜0.2 w/v %，コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウムを（0.05〜0.5 w/v %の割合で配合する請求項(1)又は請求項(3)記载の点眼剤。
| Translation - English
1. Title of the Invention
Stable Eye Drop
2. Claims
(1) An eye drop characterized by blending glycyrrhetinic acid or salt thereof into an eye drop containing quaternary ammonium salts blended with sodium chondroitin sulfate.
(2) The eye drop according to claim (1), wherein the proportion of blended glycyrrhetinic acid or salt thereof is 0.01 - 0.5 w/v%.
(3) An eye drop characterized in that at least one or two compounds selected from polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester of a fatty acid and polyoxyethylene ester of a fatty acid and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether are blended with an eye drop containing quaternary ammonium salts blended with sodium chondroitin sulfate.
(4) The eye drop according to claim (3), wherein the proportion of said at least one or two blended compounds selected from polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester of a fatty acid and polyoxyethylene ester of a fatty acid and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 0.01 - 0.5 w/v%.
(5) The eye drop according to claim (1) or claim (3), wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is benzalkonium chloride or benzethonium chloride.
(6) The eye drop according to claim (1) or claim (3), wherein 0.0l - 0.2 w/v % quaternary ammonium salts and 0.05 - 0.5 w/v % sodium chondroitin sulfate are blended. | Japanese to English: Sensitization Experiment of HandCAC (Hemostatic Forceps Part) Using Marmot
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - Japanese
要約
ハンドCAC（アプライヤー部）を被験物質として、そのモルモットに対する感作性の有無と程度をMaximization Tsetにより評価した。
被験物質に約10倍量（被験物質の重量１gに対して10mLの容量）のメタノールを加え、室温で24時間振とう抽出した。抽出後、抽出液をろ紙でろ過し、ろ液を濃縮乾固して抽出物を得た。
感作誘導1として、被験物質1gから得られた抽出物にジメチルスルホキシドを加えて1mLとなるように調製した試験液をモルモットに皮内投与した。感作誘導1投与後6日に、感作誘導2として、被験物質1gから得られた抽出物にメタノールを加えて1mLとなるように調製した試験液を48時間開放適用した。感作誘導2適用後13日に、被験物質1gから得られた抽出物にメタノールを加えて1mLとなるように調製した試験液（100%試験液）及びその希釈系列（50、10、1、及び0.1%試験液）を用いて感作誘発を行った。
その結果、いずれの試験動物においても皮膚反応は認められなかった。
したがって、本試験条件下において、ハンドCAC（アプライヤー部）からの抽出物はモルモットに対し感作性を有さないと考えられた。
| Translation - English
Summary
To investigate whether HandCAC (Hemostatic Forceps Part) can lead to sensitization in marmot and the degree using Maximization Test.
Add methanol of 10 times weight into the test substance (10ml methanol per 1 gram of test substance) and then shake and extract at room temperature for 24 hours. Filter the extracting solution with filter paper after extraction, and then condense the extracting solution to obtain the extract.
For sensitization induction 1, 1 ml dimethylsulfoxide is added into the extract obtained from 1g test substance to prepare the test solution administered to marmot intradermally On the sixth day after sensitization induction 1, sensitization induction 2 is carried out. 1 ml methanol is added into the extract obtained from 1g test substance to prepare the test solution, which is then opened and stored for 48 hours. On the 13th day after sensitization induction 2, 1 ml methanol is added into the extract obtained from 1g test substance to prepare the test solution (100% test solution) and its serial dilute solutions (50, 10, 1 and 0.1% test solution) , which are used to induce sensitization.
The result is that skin reaction is not observed in any test animal.
Therefore, it is considered that HandCAC (Hemostatic Forceps Part) does not lead to sensitization in marmot under the test conditions.
| English to Chinese: ACUP
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical (general) | Source text - English
A patient complains of a lingering headache in the occipital area. She also has dizziness, blurred vision, lassitude and a lusterless face. The headache is relieved by warmth and aggravated by cold, overstrain or mental stress. She has a weak and thready pulse and a pale tongue with a thin, white coat. The best point prescription is:
A. GV (Du) 20 (Baihui), CV (Ren) 6 (Qihai), UB 18 (Ganshu), UB 20 (Pishu), UB 23 (Shenshu), St 36 (Zusanli)
B. GV (Du) 20 (Baihui), SI 3 (Houxi), UB 67 (Zhiyin), Liv 3 (Taichong), Extra (Yintang), Sp 9 (Yinlingquan)
C. St 8 (Touwei), Extra (Yintang), GV (Du) 23 (Shangxing), LI 4 (Hegu), St 44 (Neiting), Liv 3 (Taichong)
D. Extra (Taiyang), GB 8 (Shuaigu), TW (SJ) 5 (Waiguan), GB 41 (Zulinqi), Liv 8 (Ququan), GV (Du) 20 (Baihui)
| Translation - Chinese
患者訴枕葉區頭痛不消。同時，患者眩暈、視力模糊、怠倦、面無光澤。遇溫熱則病減，得寒涼、過勞或精神緊張則病增。患者脈虛細、舌淡白、苔薄白。最佳穴位處方為：
A. GV (督脈)20（百會）、 CV (任脈)6 （氣海）、UB 18 (肝俞) 、UB20(脾俞)、UB23(腎俞)、St36 (足三裏)
B. GV (督脈)20（百會）、SI3 (後溪)、UB67（至陰）、Liv3（太沖）、Extra（印堂）、Sp9（ 陰陵泉）
C. St 8 （頭維）、Extra（印堂）、GV（督脈）23（ 上星）、LI4（合穀）、St44（內庭）、Liv3（太沖）
D.Extra（印堂）、GB8(率穀)、TW(SJ)5（外關）、GB 41 （足臨泣）、Liv 8 (曲泉)、GV (督脈)20（百會）
| | Japanese to English: Mechanical Engineering | Source text - Japanese
①給水元バルブを開けた後、軟水器のエア抜きを行う。
注）原水ユニットを付帯するものにおいては、原水タンクに水を満たした後、原水ユニットの加圧ポンプを回して行う。この時、加圧ポンプの回転方向が矢印方向であるかドウカヲチェックし、逆転していれば引き込み電源Ｒ，Ｓ，Ｔの内２本を入れ替える。
②軟水タンクまで水が満たされれば、給水バルブと給水ポンプのエア抜き弁を開け、エア抜きを行う。この時、ボイラの運転スイッチをＯＮとし、給水ポンプを回転させ、矢印通り回転することを確認する。もし、逆回転すれば、ボイラ引き込み電源Ｒ，Ｓ，Ｔの内ＲとＴを２本を入れ替える。
エア抜き弁より最初は水と空気の混じったものが出るが、その後、水だけが勢いよく出はじめる。
この段階でエア抜きは完了するから、エア抜き弁を閉とし、給水を続ける。
| Translation - English
① Open the water supply valve to empty the air from the water softer.
Note: If the product is supplied with a raw water unit, fill the raw water tank with water and then empty the air by rotating the booster pump of the raw water unit. At this time, check if the booster pump is rotating in the direction of the arrow, and if not, interchange two of the power supply leads (wires), R, S and T.
② If the soft water tank is already filled with water, open the water supply valve and the air bleed valve of the water supply pump to remove any air. Now, turn on the operation switch of the boiler, and check if the water supply pump is rotating in the direction of the arrow. If not, interchange two (R and T) of the power supply leads (wires), R, S and T.
The air bleed valve will first eject the mixture of water and air, and after a little while, it starts to firmly eject only water.
Complete the air bleed at this stage, and then close the air bleed valve and continue to supply water.
| English to Chinese: Clinical study Report
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical (general) | Source text - English
ABSTRACT
A Phase I, single-dose, dose-escalating, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics study of IDEC-114, an anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody, was conducted in 24 patients with chronic, stable, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Cohorts of three to five patients each were given single doses of 0.05, 0.25, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, or 15.0 mg/kg of IDEC-114 administered as an intravenous infusion. The patient population was 71% male and 71% Caucasian, with a median age of 43 years. A favorable safety profile was observed. Sixteen of the 24 patients experienced 78 adverse events. All but one adverse event was Grade 1 or 2; the single Grade 3 event of dyspnea occurred on Study Day 43 and was not
related to the study treatment. No Grade 4 or serious adverse events were experienced
and no deaths occurred. Fifty-one events in 14 patients were considered probably,
possibly, or of unknown relationship to the study treatment. The highest incidence of
related adverse events was asthenia (29% of patients), followed by chills (25%), headache (21%), dizziness (17%), infection (13%), and fever (13%). On the day of infusion, 16 adverse events were reported in 7 patients; 15 events in 6 patients were considered related to study treatment. The frequency and severity of adverse events did not appear to be dose-related. Six infections were reported in five patients. All of the infections were Grade 1 or 2; all patients recovered. Reductions (30% - 40%) in mean lymphocyte counts
(CD3 , CD4 , CD8 , and CD19 ) were observed at all dose levels on Study Days 2 and 3 with recovery by Study Day 15. One of the 24 patients developed a detectable, but transient, anti-IDEC-114 antibody titer on 2 visit days; anti-IDEC-114 was not detectable at study exit. An enrollment “stopping rule” of 1) a single occurrence of any related Grade 3 or greater event or irreversible organ toxicity or 2) a sustained > 50% decline in three patients’ CD4 cells was not invoked. The mean Cmax and AUC of IDEC-114 were proportional to the dose administered. The serum half-life of the IDEC-114 antibody was approximately 13 days at single doses of 5.0 to 15.0 mg/kg. Preliminary evidence of clinical activity was noted in the 10.0 and 15.0 mg/kg dose groups based on the Psoriasis Severity Scale and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. In summary, a single intravenous
infusion of IDEC-114 (0.05 to 15.0 mg/kg) was safe and well tolerated in patients with
moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. | Translation - Chinese
摘要
一项在 24 名具有慢性稳定性中度至重度斑块状银屑病患者中进行的抗 CD80 单克隆抗体 IDEC-114 的 I 期单剂量、剂量升高、安全性、耐受性以及药理学研究。三至五名患者为一同期组，每组以一次静脉滴注给予单剂 0.05、0.25、1.0、5.0、10.0 或 15.0 mg/kg 的 IDEC-114。患者群体中，71% 为男性，71% 为白种人，中位年龄为 43 岁。观察到了良好的安全性。24 名患者中有 16 人出现了 78 次不良事件。但除了一次不良事件外，其余不良事件的等级均为 1 级或 2 级；而唯一的那次 3 级不良事件呼吸困难发生在第 43 个研究日，并且同研究治疗无关。未出现 4 级或更严重的不良事件，也无死亡发生。发生于 14 名患者的 51 次不良事件被认为与本研究治疗很可能或可能相关或关系未知。发生率最高的相关不良事件为虚弱（29% 患者），然后是寒战（25%）、头痛（21%）、头晕（17%）、感染（13%）和发烧（13%）。在滴注当天，有 7 名患者报告了 16 次不良事件；其中 6 名患者发生的 15 次事件被认为同本研究治疗相关。不良事件的频率和严重程度似乎不与剂量相关。5 名患者报告了 6 次感染事件。所有感染事件的等级都为 1 级或 2 级；所有患者均已康复。在第 2 和第 3 个研究日，观察到在所有剂量水平上，平均淋巴细胞计数值（CD3 、CD4 、CD8 以及 CD19 ）均出现下降（30% - 40%），而在第 15 个研究日时恢复到正常水平。24 名患者中，有 1 名在第 2 个诊视日出现了可检出的短暂抗 IDEC-114 抗体滴度；在退出研究时抗 IDEC-114 滴度已不可检出。未引发以下登记“停止规则”：（1）出现一次任何 3 级及以上相关事件或不可逆器官毒性或（2）三名患者 CD4 细胞计数持续有 > 50% 的下降。IDEC-114 的平均 Cmax 和 AUC 值与给药剂量成比例。在单剂 5.0 至 15.0 mg/kg 的 IDEC-114 抗体的血清半衰期大约为 13 天。依据银屑病严重程度量表以及银屑病皮损面积及严重程度指数，在 10.0 和 15.0 mg/kg 剂量组中观察到临床活性的初步证据。总之，单次静脉滴注 IDEC-114（0.05 至 15.0 mg/kg）用于中度至重度斑块状银屑病患者是安全的，且具有良好的耐受性。
| English to Chinese: MEDICAL CATHETER ASSEMBLY WITH DEFLECTION PULL RING AND DISTAL TIP INTERLOCK
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Medical: Cardiology | Source text - English
MEDICAL CATHETER ASSEMBLY WITH DEFLECTION PULL RING AND DISTAL TIP INTERLOCK
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application no. 11/963,441 filed on 21 December 2007 (the '441 application). The '441 application is hereby incorporated by reference as though fully set forth herein.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to medical catheter assemblies, and in particular to medical catheter assemblies which utilize a deflection pull ring adjacent a distal tip at the distal end of the catheter shaft to bend the deflectable catheter shaft and move the distal tip in a desired direction.
THE PRIOR ART
[0003] Medical catheter assemblies used in the diagnosis or treatment of various medical abnormalities are in common use in medical facilities throughout the world. They generally include a deflectable catheter shaft that can be inserted in and extended along a suitable vein or artery of person being diagnosed or treated to a desired site; a handle actuator which supports a proximal end of the catheter shaft; a distal tip which is connected to the distal end of the catheter shaft and which includes a specialized tip element for the appropriate diagnosis or treatment; and a pull ring assembly which includes a pull ring near the distal end of the catheter shaft and pull wires which extend from the pull ring through the catheter shaft back to the handle actuator for tilting or rocking the pull ring upon manual operation of the handle actuator and consequential pulling of the pull wires, i.e., for deflecting a distal end portion of the catheter shaft with distal tip in a desired direction.
[0004] Ablation catheter assemblies are a category of medical catheter assembly used to ablate tissue, e.g., in the treatment of heart malfunctions. They can be irrigated (discharge ablation fluid in addition to ablation energy) or non-irrigated (discharge of ablation energy but not fluid). The distal tip will include a tip electrode as the specialized tip element and an energy source will be connected to their handle actuator to supply energy to the tip electrode. In irrigated catheter assemblies a fluid manifold is attached to, or is one-piece with, the tip electrode, and a fluid source is attached to their handle actuator to supply ablation fluid thereto. In either, the distal tip can include a mounting shaft which cooperates with the distal end of the adjacent deflectable catheter shaft for connection thereto.
[0005] It has been found that the operation of such medical catheter assemblies, including irrigated or non-irrigated ablation catheter assemblies, can become compromised over time with creeping of the pull ring towards the handle actuator (and away from the distal tip) due to repeated tilting or rocking thereof by the pull wires. In addition, failure of the medical catheter assemblies can occur with separation of the pull wires from the pull rings of the pull ring assemblies due to stress failure of the braze or weld joints therebetween.
[0006] It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a medical catheter assembly (including an irrigated or non-irrigated ablation catheter assembly) which is constructed such that creeping of the pull ring towards the handle actuator (and away from the distal tip) is prevented.
[0007] It is another object of the present invention to provide a medical catheter assembly (including an irrigated or non-irrigated catheter assembly) which is constructed such that stress on the connecting joints between the pull wires and pull ring is reduced, reducing failure of medical catheter assembly due to failure of the pull ring assembly.
| Translation - Chinese
带有偏转拉环与远端尖部联锁的医用导管组件
与相关专利申请的交叉引用
[0001] 本专利申请要求申请日期为 2007 年 12 月 21 日、申请号为 11/963,441 的美国专利申请（简称 '441 申请）的优先权。在此通过引用并入 '441 申请，如同在本文中将其完全阐述一般。
发明的技术背景
发明领域
[0002] 本发明涉及医用导管组件，尤其涉及在导管轴远端部邻近远端尖部处使用一个偏转拉环使可偏转的导管轴弯曲并使远端尖部往所需方向移动的医用导管组件。
先前技术
[0003] 用于多种医学疾病诊断或治疗的医用导管组件在世界各地的医疗设施中很常用。它们一般包括一根可插入待诊断或待治疗患者的一条合适静脉或动脉内并沿着静脉或动脉延伸至所需部位的可偏转导管轴；一个支撑导管轴近端部的手持开动器；一个连接导管轴远端部并包括一个专用于相应诊断或治疗的尖端元件的远端尖部；以及一个包括一个位于导管轴远端部附近的拉环和一些拉线的拉环组件，拉线从拉环上伸出穿过导管轴回到手持开动器，在手动操作手持开动器后用于倾斜或摆动拉线并因此拉动拉线，即，使该带有远端尖部的导管轴的一个远端部分向所需方向偏转。
[0004] 消融导管组件是一类例如在治疗心功能不全时用于消融组织的医用导管组件。其可以是灌注型（不但排出消融能量，还排出消融液体）或非灌注型（排出消融能量但不排出消融液体）。远端尖部将包括一个尖部电极作为专用尖部元件，能源将连接至其手持开动器上，为尖部电极提供能量。在灌注型电极组件中，有一个液体歧管连接到尖部电极上或与其成一个整体，并有一个液体源连接到其手持开动器上，以向该处供应消融液体。无论是哪一种情况，远端尖部均可包括一个安装轴，其与可偏转导管轴附近的远端部合作以连接到该处。
[0005] 现已发现此种医学导管组件，包括灌注型或非灌注型消融导管组件，由于以拉线反复倾斜或摆动手持开动器，拉环会向手持开动器方向（离开远端尖部的方向）蠕动，因此导管组件的运行会随时间推移而受损。 另外，由于拉线与拉环之间钎焊或焊接接头的疲劳失效，导致拉线与拉环组件的拉环分离，会发生医用导管组件失效。
[0006] 因此，本发明的一个目标是提供一种医用导管组件（包含灌注型或非灌注型导管组件），其构造可以防止拉环往手持开动器方向（离开远端尖部的方向）蠕动。
[0007] 本发明的另一目标是提高一种医用导管组件（包含灌注型或非灌注型导管组件），其构造可以减少拉线与拉环之间接头上的应力，从而减少因拉环组件失效而导致医用导管组件失效。
| English to Chinese: CATHETER SHAFT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Medical: Cardiology | Source text - English
CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A method of manufacturing a catheter assembly, comprising the steps of:
providing a catheter shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer layer, and an
inner reinforcing layer;
removing at least a portion of said outer layer from a length of the distal end of the catheter shaft in order to expose a distal segment of the catheter shaft having an exposed exterior region;
providing an inner jacket segment having a proximal end and a distal end;
axially engaging the inner jacket segment with an interior surface of the distal segment of the catheter shaft;
providing an outer jacket segment around at least the exposed exterior region of the distal segment of the catheter shaft; and
bonding the distal segment of the catheter shaft to the inner jacket segment and the outer jacket segment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer jacket segment and the outer layer comprise different materials with different durometer hardness values.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the catheter shaft further comprises an inner layer.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of removing at least a portion of said inner layer from a distal end of the catheter shaft to form an exposed interior region of the distal segment of the catheter shaft, wherein the exposed interior region is disposed around the inner jacket segment.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the length of the exposed distal segment of the catheter shaft is at least as long as the length of the inner jacket segment.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer layer of the catheter shaft comprises a melt processable polymer.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step comprises grinding.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing step comprises removing with a laser.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the inner jacket segment comprises a melt processable polymer.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer jacket segment has varying hardness along its length.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the inner jacket segment further comprises a pull ring operatively connected thereto.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of applying energy to the outer jacket segment, the exposed distal segment of the catheter shaft, and the inner jacket segment to form a substantially unitary catheter shaft.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising forming a heat-shrink tube about the outer jacket segment prior to the energy applying step.
14. The method of claim 12, further comprising applying energy to the outer jacket segment, the exposed distal segment of the catheter shaft, and the inner jacket segment in a manner that does not heat the proximal end of the catheter shaft.
15. A method of forming a catheter assembly, comprising the steps of:
providing a catheter shaft having an outer layer of a first material and an inner reinforcing layer;
removing at least a portion of said outer layer from a length of the catheter shaft in order to expose a distal segment of the catheter shaft;
providing an inner jacket segment having a proximal end and a distal end;
axially engaging the exposed distal segment of the catheter shaft with the proximal end of the inner jacket segment,
providing an outer jacket segment of a second material around the exposed distal segment of the catheter shaft; and
bonding the catheter shaft to the outer jacket segment and the inner jacket segment.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the inner reinforcing layer of the catheter shaft extends continuously over the entire length of the catheter shaft and the inner jacket and outer jacket segments.
17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising applying energy to the outer jacket segment, the inner reinforcing layer of the catheter shaft, and the inner jacket segment in a manner that does not heat a portion of the outer layer of the catheter shaft which is disposed away from the distal end of the catheter shaft.
18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the first material and the second material are selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, functionalized polyolefins, polycarbonates, and any combinations thereof.
19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the first material and the second material are selected from the group consisting of polyamide-based thermoelastic elastomers, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic polyurethanes, styrenic thermoplastic elastomers, and any combinations thereof.
20. A catheter assembly formed according to a method comprising the steps of:
providing a catheter shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer layer and an
inner reinforcing layer;
removing at least a portion of said outer layer from a length of the distal end of the catheter shaft in order to expose a segment of the catheter shaft;
providing an inner jacket segment having a proximal end and a distal end;
axially engaging the exposed segment at the distal end of the catheter shaft with the inner jacket segment such that the inner jacket segment is positioned within and adjacent the exposed segment of the catheter shaft; and
forming an outer jacket segment around the exposed catheter shaft segment to operatively connect the catheter shaft to the inner jacket segment.
21. The catheter assembly according to claim 20, wherein the outer jacket segment has varying hardness along it length.
22. The catheter assembly according to claim 20, wherein the outer jacket segment has a lower durometer than the catheter shaft.
23. The catheter assembly according to claim 20, wherein the inner jacket segment further comprises a pull ring attached to an inner layer of the inner jacket segment.
24. The catheter assembly according to claim 23, wherein the pull ring is operatively connected to a plurality of pull wires which extend through the inner jacket segment and catheter shaft to a proximal end of the catheter shaft.
25. A catheter assembly comprising:
a catheter shaft having an axial length, a proximal end, a distal end, an outer layer of a first material, and an inner reinforcing layer;
an outer jacket segment of a second material having an axial length, a proximal end, and a distal end, the second material being different from the first material;
said catheter shaft operatively connected at its distal end to the proximal end of said outer jacket segment;
said inner reinforcing layer of the catheter shaft extending throughout the entire axial length of the catheter shaft and the outer jacket segment.
26. The catheter assembly of claim 25, wherein the axial length of the outer jacket segment further comprises materials of different durometer hardness.
27. The catheter assembly of claim 25, wherein the axial length of the outer jacket segment has an arcuate shape.
28. The catheter assembly of claim 27, wherein the arcuate shape of the outer jacket segment is fixed.
29. The catheter assembly of claim 27, wherein the arcuate shape of the outer jacket segment is flexible.
30. A method of manufacturing a catheter assembly, comprising:
providing a catheter shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer layer of a first material, and an inner reinforcing layer;
removing at least a portion of the outer layer from a length of the distal end of the catheter shaft in order to expose a distal segment of the catheter shaft having an exposed exterior region;
providing an outer jacket segment of a second material around at least the exposed exterior region of the distal segment of the catheter shaft, the second material being different from the first material; and
bonding the outer jacket segment to the exposed exterior region of the distal segment of the catheter shaft.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein bonding the outer jacket segment to the exposed exterior region of the distal segment of the catheter shaft comprises applying energy to the outer jacket segment and the distal segment of the catheter shaft.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy is applied in a manner that does not heat the proximal end of the catheter shaft.
33. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
providing an inner jacket segment at an interior surface of the distal segment of the catheter shaft; and
bonding the inner jacket segment to the interior surface of the distal segment of the catheter shaft.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein bonding the outer jacket segment to the exposed exterior region of the distal segment of the catheter shaft and bonding the inner jacket segment to the interior surface of the distal segment of the catheter shaft comprise applying energy to the outer jacket segment, the inner jacket segment, and the distal segment of the catheter shaft.
35. A catheter assembly comprising:
a catheter shaft having an axial length, a proximal end, a distal end, an outer layer of a first material and an inner reinforcing layer, at least a portion of the outer layer having been removed from the distal end of the catheter shaft in order to expose a distal segment of the catheter shaft; and
an outer jacket segment of a second material having an axial length, a proximal end, and a distal end, the second material being different from the first material;
wherein the catheter shaft is operatively connected at its distal segment to the outer jacket segment such that the outer jacket segment substantially replaces the portion of the outer layer that has been removed from the distal end of the catheter shaft in order to form a substantially unitary catheter shaft;
wherein the inner reinforcing layer of the catheter shaft extends throughout the entire axial length of the catheter shaft and the outer jacket segment.
36. The catheter assembly of claim 35, wherein the first material and the second material have different durometer hardness values.
37. The catheter assembly of claim 35, wherein the first material is a melt processable polymer and the second material is another melt processable polymer.
38. The catheter assembly of claim 35, wherein the catheter shaft includes an inner layer of a third material, the inner reinforcing layer being sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner layer, and further comprising an inner jacket segment of a fourth material having an axial length, a proximal end, and a distal end, the inner jacket segment being bonded to the inner layer at the distal segment of the catheter shaft.
39. The catheter assembly of claim 35, wherein the catheter shaft includes an inner layer of a third material, the inner reinforcing layer being sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner layer, at least a portion of the inner layer having been removed from the distal end of the catheter shaft at the distal segment of the catheter shaft, and further comprising:
an inner jacket segment of a fourth material having an axial length, a proximal end, and a distal end;
wherein the catheter shaft is operatively connected at its distal segment to the inner jacket segment such that the inner jacket segment substantially replaces the portion of the inner layer that has been removed from the distal end of the catheter shaft in order to form a substantially unitary catheter shaft.
40. The catheter assembly of claim 39, wherein the third material and the fourth material have different durometer hardness values. | Translation - Chinese
权利要求范围
权利要求如下：
1. 一种导管组件的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
提供一种具有一个近端端部、一个远端端部、一个外层以及一个内加强层的导管轴；
将导管轴远端端部之一段的所述外层去除至少一部分，以使具有一个露出外部区域的导管轴的一个远端段露出；
提供一个具有一个近端端部和一个远端端部的内护套段；
以导管轴远端段的内表面与内护套段轴向贴合；
提供一个外护套段至少围绕导管轴远端段的露出外部区域；以及
将导管轴远端段与内护套段和外护套段粘合。
2. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中外护套段和外层包含具有不同计示硬度值的不同材料。
3. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中导管轴进一步包含内层。
4. 如权利要求 3 的方法，进一步包括至少将导管轴远端端部的所述内层去除至少一部分的步骤，以形成导管轴远端段的一个露出内部区域，其中露出内部区域布置在内护套段周围。
5. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中导管轴的露出远端段长度至少与内护套段长度相同。
6. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中导管轴外层包含可熔化加工的聚合物。
7. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中去除步骤包含打磨。
8. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中去除步骤包含以激光去除。
9. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中内护套段包含可熔化加工的聚合物。
10. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中外护套段的硬度沿其长度有变化。
11. 如权利要求 1 的方法，其中内护套段进一步包含被操作地连接至其上的拉环。
12. 如权利要求 1 的方法，进一步包括施加能量至外护套段、导管轴的露出远端段以及内护套段，以形成大体统一的导管轴。
13. 如权利要求 12 的方法，进一步包括在能量施加步骤之前在外护套段周围形成一个热缩管。
14. 如权利要求 12 的方法，进一步包括以不会加热导管轴近端端部的方式将能量施加至外护套段、导管轴的露出远端段以及内护套段。
15. 一种导管组件的形成方法，包括以下步骤：
提供一种具有一个采用第一材料的外层和一个内加强层的导管轴；
将导管轴之一段的所述外层去除至少一部分，以使导管轴的远端段露出；
提供一个具有一个近端端部和一个远端端部的内护套段；
以内护套段的近端端部与导管轴的露出远端段轴向贴合；
提供一个采用第二材料的外护套段，围绕导管轴的露出远端段；以及
将导管轴与外护套段和内护套段粘合。
16. 根据权利要求 15 所述的方法，其中导管轴的内加强层连续延伸达导管轴和内护套及外护套段的全长。
17. 根据权利要求 15 所述的方法，进一步包括以不会加热布置在远离导管轴远端端部处的一部分导管轴外层的方式施加能量至外护套段、导管轴的内加强层以及内护套段上。
18. 如权利要求 15 的方法，其中第一材料和第二材料选自由聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚酯、功能化聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯以及这些材料的任意组合构成的组。
19. 根据权利要求 15 所述的方法，其中第一材料和第二材料选自由聚酰胺基热弹性弹性体、聚酯基热塑性弹性体、热塑性聚氨酯、苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯以及这些材料的任意组合构成的组。
20. 一种导管组件依据包含下列步骤的方法形成：
提供一种具有一个近端端部、一个远端端部、一个外层以及一个内加强层的导管轴；
将导管轴远端端部之一段的所述外层去除至少一部分以露出导管轴的一段；
提供一个具有一个近端端部和一个远端端部的内护套段；
在导管轴的远端端部处以内护套段与露出段轴向贴合，以使内护套段定位于导管轴的露出段之内并与其相邻；以及
在导管轴的露出段周围形成一个外护套段，以操作地将导管轴与内护套段相连接。
21. 根据权利要求 20 中所述的导管组件，其中外护套段的硬度沿其长度有变化。
22. 根据权利要求 20 所述的导管组件，其中外护套段的硬度值低于导管轴。
23. 根据权利要求 20 所述的导管组件，其中内护套段进一步包括附连在内护套段内层上的拉环。
24. 根据权利要求 23 所述的导管组件，其中拉环被操作地连接至多数个拉线上，拉线延伸穿过内护套段和导管轴到达导管轴近端端部。
25. 一种导管组件包括：
一个具有一个轴向段、一个近端端部、一个远端端部、一个采用第一材料的外层以及一个内加强层的导管轴；
一个采用第二材料的具有一个轴向段、一个近端端部、一个远端端部的外护套段，其中第二材料不同于第一材料；
所述导管轴在其远端端部被操作地连接至所述外护套段的近端端部；
导管轴的所述内加强层延伸贯穿导管轴和外护套段的整个轴向段。
26. 如权利要求 25 的导管组件，其中外护套段的轴向段进一步包括不同计示硬度的材料。
27. 如权利要求 25 的导管组件，其中外护套段的轴向段呈弓状。
28. 如权利要求 27 的导管组件，其中外护套段的弓状形状是固定的。
29. 如权利要求 27 的导管组件，其中外护套段的弓状形状是柔性的。
30. 一种导管组件的制造方法，包括：
提供一种具有一个近端端部、一个远端端部、一个采用第一材料的外层以及一个内加强层的导管轴；
将导管轴远端端部之一段的外层去除至少一部分，以使具有露出外部区域的导管轴的一个远端段露出；
提供一个采用第二材料的外护套段，至少围绕导管轴远端段的露出外部区域，第二材料不同于第一材料；以及
将外护套段与导管轴远端段的露出外部区域粘合。
31. 如权利要求 30 的方法，其中将外护套段与导管轴远端段的露出外部区域粘合包括施加能量至导管轴外护套段和远端段上。
32. 如权利要求 31 的方法，其中能量施加方式不会加热导管轴近端端部。
33. 如权利要求 30 的方法，进一步包括：
在导管轴远端段的内表面上提供一个内护套段；以及
将内护套段与导管轴远端段的内表面粘合。
34. 如权利要求 33 的方法，其中将外护套段与导管轴远端段的露出外部区域粘合以及将内护套段与导管轴远端段的内表面粘合包括施加能量至导管的外护套段、内护套段以及远端段上。
35. 一种导管组件包括：
一个具有一个轴向段、一个近端端部、一个远端端部、一个采用第一材料的外层以及一个内加强层的导管轴，导管轴远端端部的外层已去除了至少一部分以露出导管轴的一个远端段；以及
一个采用第二材料的具有一个轴向段、一个近端端部、一个远端端部的外护套段，其中第二材料不同于第一材料；
其中导管轴在其远端段处被操作地连接至外护套段上，以使外护套段大体取替导管轴远端端部已经去除的那一部分外层，以形成大体统一的导管轴；
其中导管轴的内加强层将延伸贯穿导管轴和外护套段的整个轴向段。
36. 如权利要求 35 的导管组件，其中第一材料和第二材料具有不同的计示硬度值。
37. 如权利要求 35 的导管组件，其中第一材料为一种可熔化加工的聚合物，并且第二材料为另一种可熔化加工的聚合物。
38. 如权利要求 35 的导管组件，其中导管轴包括一个采用第三材料的内层，内加强层夹在外层和内层之间，并进一步包括一个采用第四材料的具有一个轴向段、一个近端端部以及一个远端端部的内加强层，内加强层粘合在导管轴远端段处的内层上。
39. 如权利要求 35 的导管组件，其中导管轴包括一个采用第三材料的内层，内加强层夹在外层和内层之间，导管轴远端段处的导管轴远端端部的内层已被去除了至少一部分，以及进一步包括：
一个采用第四材料的具有一个轴向段、一个近端端部及一个远端端部的内加强层；
其中导管轴在其远端段处被操作地连接至内护套段上，以使内护套段大体取替导管轴远端端部已去除的那一部分内层，以形成大体统一的导管轴；
40. 如权利要求 39 的导管组件，其中第三材料和第四材料具有不同的计示硬度值。
| Japanese to English: Hydropyridine Derivative Hydrobromide
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) | Source text - Japanese
【0010】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、プラスグレルの臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物が優れた保存及び取扱安定性を有するため、医薬［好敵には、血栓又は塞栓によって引き起こされる疾病（更に好適には、血栓症又は塞栓症）の予防薬又は治療薬（特に、治療薬）］として有用であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、
（1） プラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物であり、好適には、
（2） プラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物が、銅のKα線の照射で得られる粉末X線回折において、回折角度2θ=15、22及び27（それぞれ±2）に主要なピークを示す結晶である、（1）に記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物であり、より好適には、
（3） プラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物が、銅のKα線の照射で得られる粉末X線回折において、回折角度2θ=13、15、22、27及び30（それぞれ±2）に主要なピークを示す結晶である、（1）に記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物である。
【0012】
更に、本発明は、
（4） プラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物の結晶の含有率が、50%以上である、
（2）又は（3）に記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物である。
また、本発明は、
（5） プラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の溶媒和物を、不活性溶媒に懸濁させ、攪拌して反応させることによる、（1）乃至（3）のいずれかに記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物の製造方法、
（6） 不活性溶媒が、ケトン類、エステル類、二トリル類、芳香族炭化水素、エーテル類、鎖状若しくは環状の炭化水素、アルコール類及びハロゲン化炭化水素から選択される有機溶媒である、（5）に記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物の製造方法、
（7） 不活性溶媒が、トルエン、イソプロピルエーテル、シクロヘキサン及び酢酸エチルである（5）又は（6）に記載の製造方法、
（8） 不活性溶媒が酢酸エチルである（5）乃至（7）のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法、
（9） 反応温度が0℃以上120℃以下である、（5）乃至（8）のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法、
（10） 反応温度が20℃以上100℃以下である、（5）乃至（9）のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法、
（11） プラスグレルフリー体を、不活性溶媒に溶解させ、臭化水素酸を滴下若しくは添加することによる、（1）乃至（3）に記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物の製造方法、
（12） 不活性溶媒が、ケトン類、エステル類、二トリル類、芳香族炭化水素、エーテル類、鎖状若しくは環状の炭化水素、アルコール類及びハロゲン化炭化水素から選択される有機溶媒である、（11）に記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物の製造方法、
（13） 不活性溶媒が、トルエン、イソプロピルエーテル、シクロヘキサン及び酢酸エチルである（11）又は（12）に記載の製造方法、
（14） 不活性溶媒が酢酸エチルである（11）乃至（13）のいずれかに記載の製造方法、
（15） 種晶を添加することを特徴とする、（11）乃至（14）のいずれかに記載の製造方法、或は、
（16） 反応条件が、臭化水素酸の必要量の半分を添加し、種晶を添加して、更に臭化水素酸の残りの必要量を滴下して反応させる方法である、（11）乃至（15）のいずれかに記載の製造方法である。
【0013】
更にまた、本発明は、
（17）（1）乃至（3）のいずれかに記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物、
（18）（1）乃至（3）のいずれかに記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物を有効成分として含有する、温血動物用の血栓又は塞栓によって引き起こされる疾病の予防薬又は治療薬、或いは、
（19）（1）乃至（3）のいずれかに記載のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物を有効成分として含有する、ヒト用の血栓症又は塞栓症の予防薬又は治療薬である。
【発明の効果】
【0014】
本発明によれば、保存及び取扱安定性に優れたプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物を提供することが可能となる。
【0015】
本発明のプラスグレル臭化水素酸塩の非溶媒和物は、例えば、血栓症又は塞栓症（好適には、血栓症）等の治療及び/又は予防（好適には、血栓症の治療薬及び/又は予防薬である）に有効である。
| Translation - English
[0010]
In order to address the above problems, the inventors conducted research and completed the invention to obtain a non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide with excellent storage and handling stability and medicine [preferably prophylactic or therapeutic agent (particularly therapeutic agent) for diseases induced by thrombus or embolus (still more preferably thrombosis or embolism)].
[0011]
That is to say, the present invention is
（1） a non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide, preferably,
（2） a non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide according to (1), which is a crystal with major peaks at the diffraction angle 2θ=15, 22 and 27 (each ±2) under the powder X-ray diffraction of copper Kα-ray irradiation, more preferably,
（3） a non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide according to (1), which is a crystal with major peaks at the diffraction angle 2θ=13, 15, 22, 27 and 30(each ±2)under the powder X-ray diffraction of copper Kα-ray irradiation.
[0012]
Moreover, the present invention is
（4） a non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide according to (2) or (3), wherein the crystal content of the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide is above 50%.
And the invention is
（5） A process for preparing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide described in any one of (1) to (3), which comprises suspension of solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide in an inert solvent, followed by agitation and reaction of the mixture.
（6） The process for preparing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide according to (5), wherein the inert solvent is organic solvent selected from ketone, ester, nitrile, aromatic hydrocarbon, ether, chain or cyclic hydrocarbon, alcohol and halogenated hydrocarbon.
（7） The preparation process according to either (5) or (6), wherein the inert solvent is toluene, isopropyl ether, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
（8） The preparation process according to any one of (5) to (7), wherein the inert solvent is ethyl acetate.
（9） The preparation process according to any one of (5) to (8), wherein the reaction temperature is between 0℃ and 120℃.
（10） The preparation process according to any one of (5) to (9), wherein the reaction temperature is between 20℃ and 100℃.
（11） The process for preparing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide disclosed in any one of (1) to (3), which comprises dissolution of free Prasugrel into inert solvent, followed by dripping or addition of hydrobromic acid.
（12） The process for preparing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide according to (11), wherein the inert solvent is organic solvent selected from ketone, ester, nitrile, aromatic hydrocarbon, ether, chain or cyclic hydrocarbon, alcohol and halogenated hydrocarbon.
（13） The preparation process according to (11) or (12), wherein the inert solvent is toluene, isopropyl ether, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
（14） The preparation process according to any one of (11) to (13), wherein the inert solvent is ethyl acetate.
（15） The preparation process according to any one of (11) to (14), characterized in addition of seed crystal, or,
（16） The preparation process according to any one of (11) to (15), which comprises addition of half of the required amount of hydrobromic acid, addition of seed crystal, further dropwise addition of the remaining required amount of hydrobromic acid, followed by reaction of the mixture.
[0013]
Furthermore, the present invention is
(17) A medicament containing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide disclosed in any one of (1) to (3) as an active ingredient.
(18) A prophylactic or therapeutic agent for thrombus formation-induced or embolization-induced diseases in a warm blooded animal containing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide disclosed in any one of (1) to (3) as an active ingredient.
(19) A prophylactic or therapeutic agent for thrombosis or embolism in a human containing the non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide disclosed in any one of (1) to (3) as an active ingredient.
[Benefits of the Invention]
[0014]
According to the present invention, a non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide with excellent storage and handling stability can be provided.
[0015]
The non-solvate of Prasugrel hydrobromide of the invention is effective in the treatment and/or prevention of thrombosis or embolism (preferably thrombosis) (preferably therapeutic agent and/or prophylactic agent of thrombosis).
| English to Chinese: Technical Manual Translation
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering | Source text - English
Stem Seal
The leak-proof integrity of the valve is further enhanced by a welded bonnet design and Chevron V-ring packing that can be adjusted by a simple turn of the stem nut. Leak-free stem sealing is provided by the rings of PTFE V-ring or graphoil packing that sit on a shoulder machined on the blowout-proof stem, allowing the packing and stem to move as a unit during thermal cycles. In addition, the packing is live-loaded, retained by self compensating belleville spring washers and a packing adjustment nut. These features coupled with close tolerance machining and finish of the packing bore, provide maximum stem seal life with the minimum maintenance.
| Translation - Chinese
阀杆密封
阀门的防漏完好性通过焊接阀帽设计和 Chevron V 形环封填进一步增强，封填的调节可通过简单地转动阀杆螺母来进行。阀杆防漏密封通过 PTFE V 形环或 graphoil 封填来实现，封填物安放在防脱出阀杆上机加工而成的凸肩上，使封填物和阀杆在热循环过程中作为一个单元整体移动。此外，封填物所受的是活负荷，并通过自补偿贝氏弹簧垫圈和封填调节螺母进行固定。这些特征再结合封填孔的紧密公差机加工和表面处理，使阀杆密封只需极少的维护即可达到最长的寿命。
| Chinese to English: Overview of Power Capacitor Technology Development Outside China
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Energy / Power Generation | Source text - Chinese
[电能质量]国外电力电容器技术发展综述
2010-02-05 15:02:52 作者：西安西电电力电容器有限责任公司 房金兰 来源：赛尔电能质量 总第2期
【 文章转载请注明出处 】
本文介绍了近年来国外电力电容器的技术发展状况，重点是高压电容器的介质应用、噪声研究、环境影响研究和新型电容器发展等方面。
关键字：浸渍剂[1篇] 电容器噪声[1篇] 干式电容器[1篇] 环境保护[4篇]
前言
从二十世纪末至今的10多年期间，国外高压电力电容器技术总体上处于平稳的发展阶段，大量提供市场的还是油浸全膜电容器，并没有突飞猛进的发展。但技术进步的步伐在悄悄地进行着，有些方面已显现出新一代产品的端倪，也许预示着一个电力电容器发展的新时代即将到来。这里将得到的一些国外电容器信息与同业者交流，主要介绍ABB、COOPER和GE三大电容器生产企业的产品发展信息，同时也涉及到日本、印度和韩国的电容器发展信息。
相比之下，近10年来我国电力电容器制造业不论在技术上还是在生产规模上都呈现出飞跃式的发展，这是世人所公认的。我们的高压电容器实现了全膜化，产品技术经济指标和外观都有了今非昔比的变化，尤其在实现直流输电用电容器国产化方面做出了突出的业绩。但是在一定程度上，这些技术的进步是靠国外技术进步尤其是中外合资企业的先进技术所带动的，具有自主知识产权的技术并不多;这些进步是追赶性的，而且我国电力电容器现在的技术水平总体上与国外先进水平还有相当大的差距。所以，今天放眼看一看国外技术发展现状，探索国外技术发展的新动向，也许对我国电力电容器今后的发展能起到某种启迪作用。
1 电容器的主要材料
1.1 固体介质
材质上现在都用双轴定向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜，它在电力电容器上的应用已有40年的历史了，目前还没有新的、更好的材料可以替代。从薄膜加工的方法来分，有管膜法和平膜法两种。普遍认为管膜密度较高、机械性能好、耐电强度高、厚度均匀性稍差;平膜生产效率高、厚度均匀性好、耐电强度高。在应用效果上两者并无明显差别，只是各电容器制造企业习惯上的选择，ABB用过管膜也用过平膜，COOPER和GE一直用管膜。生产管膜的都是老设备，新设备都是生产平膜的，看来平膜可能是今后的发展趋势。值得注意的是，国外通常采用质量密度法测量薄膜的厚度，国内则用千分尺法厚度。
薄膜的质量是至关重要的，包括聚丙烯树脂粒子来源、生产环境条件和整个生产过程管理等方面都要严格加以控制。据说控制薄膜中氯离子含量(不大于5×10-6)十分重要，在电容器心子材料中也要避免采用含氯化合物(如聚氯乙烯等)，氯离子含量过高就会使电容器在运行中的耐电强度降低。
1.2 液体介质
近10年来，国外电容器浸渍用液体介质基本上统一到C101和SAS两种。两者都是混合物，C101由单/双苄基甲苯组成，SAS系列浸渍剂由二苯基乙烷和单苄基甲苯组成，在性能上没有很大差异，以至于更换浸渍剂后电容器的设计都不需改动。从价格因素考虑，国外三大电容器生产企业目前均采用了日本石油公司在美国生产的SAS油。这两种浸渍剂的分子结构图见图1，主要性能参数见表1。
| Translation - English
[Electric Power Quality] Overview of Power Capacitor Technology Development Outside China
February 05, 2010, 15:02:52; By: Jinlan Fang at Xi’an XD Power Capacitor Co., Ltd.; Source: Saier Power Quality, Issue 2 [Reproduction is permitted provided the original source is clearly indicated]
This paper reviews recent development in power capacitor technology outside China with a focus on dielectric application, noise research, environmental impact research and development of new high-voltage capacitors.
Key words: impregnating agent [1 article]; capacitor noise [1 article]; dry capacitor [1 article]; environment protection [4 articles]
Introduction
Over the past decade since the end of the last century, the high-voltage power capacitor technology has been in a plateau of development worldwide. Most capacitors available on the market are still oil impregnated film ones and no great breakthroughs were seen. However, quietly but continuously the technology has been advancing and a new-generation of products in certain aspects are emerging, which probably suggests the coming of a new era of development in the power capacitor technology. In this paper, information about capacitors developed internationally will be shared with the peer in this industry by describing the product development of three major capacitor makers, ABB, Copper and GE, as well as the development made in Japan, India and South Korea.
Against this backdrop, it is widely recognized that the power capacitor manufacturing industry in China has made a great leap forward both in technology development and in production scale over the last 10 years. In China, all-film high-voltage capacitor products are now available, and unprecedented changes have taken place in the technical and economic performance and physical appearance of capacitor products. In particular, China has made outstanding achievements in using domestic capacitor products for direct-current power transmission. However, these technical advancements are driven to some extent by international improvements in the technology, especially the advanced technical levels of Sino-foreign joint ventures in China. There are few proprietary technologies in China and these advancements only shorten the gap between the Chinese and world advanced levels and today the gap is still considerable in overall technical level. Therefore, a review of the international developments in this technology and the trend in technical development worldwide today may give us certain insight into the future development of power capacitor products in China.
1. Main materials of capacitor
1.1 Solid dielectric
Today, capacitor products all use biaxially oriented elongated polypropylene film that has a history of 40 years since it was used in power capacitors, and there is no new better alternative to this material. By processing method, the film is divided into tubular film and flat film. It is widely believed that the tubular film has the properties of high density, excellent mechanical performance, high dielectric strength and relatively inferior thickness uniformity while the flat film features high productivity, excellent thickness uniformity and high dielectric strength. These two films show no obvious difference in performance in use and it is only the traditional preference of the capacitor manufacturers. For example, ABB has been using both tubular and flat films while Cooper and GE have been using tubular films all the time. Tubular films are produced by older equipment and flat films are manufactured by newer equipment. It appears that flat films will be the future development trend. It is worth noting that the thickness of film is normally measured by weight density method outside China, and by micrometer method in China.
As the quality of film is key, a strict control of the source of polypropylene resin particles, the production conditions and the whole production process is required. It is reported that it is very important to control the content of chlorine ion in the film (no more than 5×10-6), and where possible, the core of the capacitor does not use compounds containing chlorine because a high chlorine ion content can reduce the dielectric strength of the capacitor during operation.
1.2 Liquid dielectric
In the past 10 years, C101 and SAS have been used worldwide as the most common liquid dielectric for impregnation. Although they are both mixtures, C101 consists of mono-/bi-benzyl toluene and SAS series consist of diphenylethane and mono-benzyl toluene. As they show little difference in properties, change of the impregnating agent used does not require modification to the capacitor design. Pricewise, three major international capacitor manufacturers use SAS series produced in the U.S. by the Nippon Oil Corporation. The molecular structures of these two impregnating agents are shown in Figure 1, and the main property specifications are shown in Table 1.
| Japanese to English: phase I study report [59]
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - Japanese
II 試験結果
1.臨床観察
（自覚症状，神経学的所見，客観的表出）
単回投与試験では，臨床症状として本剤の薬理作用に基づくと思われる眠気，頭がぼんやりする，めまい，頭痛•頭重などの中枢神経系症状および倦怠感，脱カ感，疲労感がみられた（表5-1）。これらの症状は投与量の増大に伴い用量依存的に例数，程度の増大が認められ，低用量（0.5mg，1mg，2mg）では投与翌日には全例とも症状は消失したが，高用量（4mg，6mg）では投与翌日でも軽度の症状を示す例がみられた。また，4mg投与1例に胃部不快感，悪心•嘔吐がみられたが，本被験者は以前より空腹時には時々みられていたことより，本剤との因果関係は「不明」とした。
ー方，神経学的所見，客観的表出においては（表5-2），片足立ち不良が2mg投与1例，4mg投与2例，6mg投与3例にみられた。眠そうな表情•顔貌，目の輝きの減弱，動作の緩慢は1mg投与よりみられ，2mg投与からは居眠る姿態，6mg投与ではさらに言動の遅滞を示す例が3例あり，本剤による影響が考えられた。
また，HPD投与群においては（表5-1，5-2），HPD 1mg投与全例の投与6時間前後に眠気がみられた。また，2例に倦怠感，脱カ感がみられ，1例に頭がぼんやりする，疲労感およびロ渴がみられたが症状は軽度であり，速やかに消失した。客観的にもやや眠そうな表情を示した例は1例のみであり，片足立ち不良を示した例は2例であった。ー方，HPD 3mg投与群では2例に投与6時間前後の眠気が認められたのみであった。1例に投与2時間後から10時間後まで筋緊張がみられたが，本剤との関連性は「不明」とした。全体的にHPD投与群における症状の表出は，LY投与群に比較し少ない傾向であった。
連続投与試験4mg投与時では（表6-1），投与第1日目より投与期間中に本剤の薬理作用に基づくと思われる眠気，頭がぼんやりする，めまい，頭痛•頭重がみられ，1例に焦燥感，2例に抑うつ気分も認められた。また，プラセボ投与1例に多幸感がみられたが，それは個人の性格によるものと考えられた。その他の自覚症状として，倦怠感，脱カ感，疲労感ぉよびロ渴などがみられた。
ー方，神経学的所見，客観的表出においては，投与第1日目，第2日目に片足立ち不良，眠そうな表情•顔貌，目の輝きの減弱，動作の緩慢など本剤の影響と思われる所見が投与4時間前後にみられたが，4日目以降は4日目の片足立ち不良1例を除いて，ほとんど影響は認められなかった。
連続投与追加試験（1mg，2.5mg）においても同様に（表6-2），眠気，頭がぼんやりする，めまい，頭痛•頭重，倦怠感，脱カ感，疲労感，ロ渴などがみられた。
ー方，神経学的所見では，2.5mg投与のそれぞれ1例に片足立ち不良および書字検查不良がみられ，客観的表出においても2.5mg投与のみ眠そうな表情•顔貌，目の輝きの減弱，言動の遅滞がみられたが症状はいずれもー過性であり，無処置経過観察にて消失し，臨床上特に問題となるものは認めなかつた。
2.理学的検査結果
1）血圧，脈拍数，体温
単回投与試験における血圧および脈拍数において，LY 0.5mg，1mg，2mg投与までは臨床上問題となる変動は認められなかった。しかし，LY 4mgおよび6mg投与の各1例に起立性低血圧がみられた。LY 4mg投与被験者Lが投与4時間後の受診中，気分が悪いと倒れそうになり，その時点での臥位の血圧は収縮期92mmHg，拡張期42mmHg，脈拍数44/分と徐脈を伴っていた。心電図は正常であった。ェホチール5mg錠の内服おょぴホメテート250mlの点滴を施行し，安静にさせたところ次第に回復し，12 時間後の測定時には臥位の血圧は収縮期112 mmHg，拡張期53mmHg，脈拍数52/分と正常に回復した。また，LY 6mg投与被験者Iは投与3時間後の立位血圧測定中にふらふらすると訴え，血圧は収縮期45mmHg，拡張期30mmHg，脈拍数72/分を示した。同様に，エホチール5mg錠の内服おょぴホメテート250mlの点滴をし安静にさせていたが，再び投与8 時間後の片足立ち検査時に立ちくらみを訴え，また，坐位血圧測定中気分が悪いと訴えた。坐位の血圧は収縮期61 mmHg，拡張期34 mmHg，脈拍数68/分を示した。しかし，投与13時間後の測定時には臥位の血圧は収縮期113 mmHg，拡張期58 mmHg，脈拍数53/分と正常に回復した。なお，その他の被験者では，生理的範囲内の変動であった。 | Translation - English
II RESULTS
1. Clinical Observation
(Subjective symptoms, neurological findings, and objective manifestations)
In the single dose studies, the clinical symptoms considered to be induced by pharmacological effect of this drug were symptoms of central nervous system, such as downiness, disorientation, dizziness, headache and lightheadedness, as well as fatigue, limb weakness and tiredness (Table 5-1). These symptoms were dose-dependent. Both occurrences and severity of symptoms increased with an increased dose. On the next day after medication, the symptoms disappeared in all patients receiving low doses (0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg) and mild symptoms still remained in those receiving higher doses(4 mg, 6 mg). In addition, one patient experienced stomach upset, nausea and vomiting after administration at the dose of 4 mg. However, these symptoms were more frequently observed in this subject when receiving the drug on an empty stomach than before. The causality with this drug was unknown.
On the other hand, neurological findings and objective manifestations (Table 5-2) showed poor single-foot standing in one case on 2 mg and 4 mg doses, 2 cases on 4 mg dose, and 3 cases on 6 mg dose. Tired appearance/expression, reduced glint in eyes and slow movement were observed in subjects on 1 mg dose, drowsy expression in subjects on 2 mg, and speech retardation in 3 subjects on 6 mg, which were considered to be affected by this drug.
In addition, drowsiness was observed in all cases about 6 hours after receiving 1 mg HPD in the treated group (Tables 5-1 and 5-2). Fatigue and limb weakness were observed in 2 cases. Disorientation, tiredness and thirst were observed in 1 case, but the symptoms were mild and eliminated quickly. Only 1 case developed objective drowsy appearance, and 2 cases showed poor single-foot standing. On the other hand, only 2 cases in HPD 3 mg dose group showed drowsiness about 6 hours after medication. Muscle tone was observed in 1 case from 2 to 10 hours after administration, and its correction between this drug was unknown. Generally, there was the trend of fewer symptoms in HPD-treated groups than in LY dose groups.
Subjects receiving 4 mg in the multiple dose studies (Table 6-1) developed fatigue, disorientation, dizziness, and headache and lightheadedness induced by pharmacological effect of this drug during treatment period from first day of medication. In addition, irritability was observed in 1 case and depression in 2 cases. The euphoria was observed in one case receiving placebo, which was considered to be induced by his personality. Other subjective symptoms included fatigue, limb weakness, tiredness and thirst, etc..
On the other hand, the neurological findings and objective manifestations showed that subjects developed poor single-foot standing, drowsy facial expression, reduced glint in eyes, slow movements and etc. about 4 hours after administration on Day 1 and Day 2, which was considered related to this drug. However, after 4 days, little such effect was observed except for 1 case with poor single-foot standing on Day 4.
In the additional multiple dose studies (1 mg, 2. 5 mg) (Table 6-2), drowsiness, disorientation, dizziness, headache/lightheadedness, fatigue, limb weakness, tiredness, and thirst were also observed.
Also, the neurological findings showed poor single-foot standing in 1 case and poor writing skills in another case, both of whom received 2.5 mg dose. In the objective manifestations, drowsy facial expression, reduced glint in eyes and slow movements developed only in subjects receiving 2.5 mg dose, and they were transient and could eliminate without treatment, so they were not considered as clinically special problems.
2. Physical Examination Results
1) Blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature
No changes of clinical problems were observed in blood pressure and pulse rate of subjects on doses of 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg. However, orthostatic hypotension was observed in 2 cases, one each on LY 4 mg and 6 mg. At the visit 4 hours after administration, subject L on LY 4 mg felt sick with supine systolic blood pressure of 92 mmHg and diastolic BP 42 mmHg, which was accompanied by heart rate of 44 beats / min and bradycardia. Electrocardiogram showed normal results. After administration of Etilefrine 5 mg Tablets and infusion of Hoechst 250 ml, the patient became calm and gradually recovered. At 12 hours later, the supine systolic blood pressure supine was 112 mmHg, diastolic BP was 53 mmHg and the pulse rate retuned to 52 beats/min, which was normal. Also, at the visit 3 hours after administration, subject I on LY 6 mg complained of dizziness during the orthostatic blood pressure measurement, with systolic blood pressure of 45 mmHg, diastolic BP 30 mmHg and pulse rate of 72 beats/min. Similarly, the subject received Etilefrine 5 mg Tablets and infusion of Hoechst 250 ml, and became calm. But 8 hours after repeated administration when single-foot standing test was performed, the subject complained of lightheadedness. In addition, the subject complained of feeling illness during the sitting blood pressure measurement. At this time, the sitting systolic blood pressure was 61 mmHg, diastolic BP was 34 mmHg, and pulse rate was 68 beats/min. However, 13 hours after administration when blood pressure was measured, the supine systolic blood pressure was 113 mmHg, diastolic BP was 58 mmHg, and pulse rate was 53 beats/min, which was normal. Variations within physiological normal range were also observed in other subjects.
| Chinese to English: Medical Record
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - Chinese
[redacted]病历
姓名：[redacted] 科别（病区）CCU病区 床号：[redacted] 住院号：[redacted] ID号[redacted]
心内科入院记录
姓名：[redacted] 出生地：[redacted]
性别：女 民族：汉族
年龄：72岁 职业：[redacted]
婚姻：已婚 出生日期：1937年[redacted]
住址：[redacted]
入院日期：2009.11.30 18：06 病历记录时间：2009.11.30 18：32
病史陈述者：本人及家属
主诉：反复活动后胸闷1年余，再发加重4小时
现病史：患者诉1年前开始出现活动后胸闷不适，为心前区阵发性闷痛，无放射，无气促，每次持续数分钟，休息后可缓解。到我院门诊就诊，诊断为“冠心病”。间断服用“参松养心胶囊”、“救心丸”（具体不详），上述症状仍反复发作，未予重视；今日下午2点左右，于休息状态下突发胸闷，位于胸骨中下段后，呈压榨感，不能耐受，无放射痛，胸闷持续2小时，含服“救心丸”不缓解，伴大汗、恶心、呕吐、呕吐数次，均为胃内容物，无咖啡色样物质，无气促。遂来我院就诊，急诊行心电图检查示“II、III、aVF、V4R-V6R、V7-V9 ST段上拾0.1-0.35mv，III AVB，房扑”，诊断为冠心病（心肌梗死型）急性下壁、右室、后壁心肌梗死；予“尿激酶150万U”溶栓，溶栓1小时左右，胸闷症状较前缓解，复查心电图示ST段较前回落大于50%，考虑溶栓成功。为求进一步诊治收入我科。自患病以来，患者精神差，饮食、睡眠一般，大小便正常，体重无明显变化。
既往史：诊断“高血压病”1年余，平时血压波动在140-160/70-90 mmHg之间，间断服用尼群地平片；否认“肝炎”、“结核”病史，否认“上消化道出血”病史，无药物过敏史，无输血史，无外伤手术史，预防接种史不详。
个人史：生于湖南长沙市，无外地久居史，否认疫区居住史及疫水接触史。吸烟30年，每天20支左右，偶饮酒，妻子及子女身体健康。
月经史：初潮15岁，每次持续3-5天，41岁，月经量多，颜色正常。无血块，无痛经。
婚育史：已婚，结婚40余年，配偶健在，育有3个儿女，爱人及小孩均体健。
家庭史：家人均健在，否认患遗传病、传染病和同类疾病史。
体格检查
体温36.0℃ 脉搏58次/分 呼吸22次/分 血压104/54 mmHg 身高156cm 体重54.0 kg 腰围82 cm 臀围104cm
发育正常，营养良好，神志清楚，急性病容，自动体位。全身皮肤色泽正常，无黄染及出血点，未见肝掌及蜘蛛痣，全身浅表淋巴结无肿大。头颅大小正常，眼睑无浮肿，睑球结膜无充血、水肿、角膜透明，双侧瞳孔等大、等圆，对光反射存在，耳廓无畸形，口唇粘膜无紫绀，口腔粘膜无溃疡及出血，咽部无充血，双侧扁桃体不大。颈软、双侧对称，颈静脉无充盈。气管居中，甲状腺不肿大。胸廓对称无畸形，呼吸频率正常。叩诊呈清音，双肺呼吸音粗，双肺未闻及明显干 湿罗音，无胸膜摩擦音。心前区无隆起，心尖搏动位于左侧第V肋间锁骨中线内0.5厘米处，心界无扩大，心率58次/分，律齐，心音低钝，各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音。腹部平坦，腹式呼吸存在，无腹壁静脉曲张，未见肠型及蠕动波，腹软，无压痛及无反跳痛，未触及包块，肝脾肋下未触及，Murphy征阴性。肝区无叩痛，双肾区无叩痛，移动性浊音阴性。肠鸣音约4次/分，未闻及血管杂音。肛门及外生殖器未查。脊柱无畸形，椎旁棘突无压痛，四肢无畸形，关节无红肿，活动自如，双下肢无水肿。四肢肌力、肌张力正常，双膝反射存在，克氏、布氏、巴氏征阴性。
| Translation - English
[redacted] Medical Record
Name: [redacted] Department (Ward): CCU Bed No.:[redacted] Hospitalization No.:[redacted] ID No.: [redacted]
Admission Record of Cardiology Department
Name: [redacted] Place of birth: [redacted]
Gender: Female Ethnic origin: Han
Age: 72 Y Occupation:[redacted]
Marital status: married Date of birth: [redacted]/1937
Home address: [redacted]
Admission time and date: 30-Nov-2009,06:06 PM
Medical history recording time: 30-Nov-2009, 06:32 PM
Source of medical history: patient and her family
Chief complaint: repeated chest tightness for more than 1 year and worsening for 4 hours during the recurrence
The patient complained that one year ago he began to have chest tightness after activities with paroxysmal pain at precordial area; the pain did not radiate; the patient had no shortness of breath; the chest tightness persisted for several minutes during every episode and could be relieved after having a rest. The patient came to outpatient of our hospital for treatment and diagnosed with “coronary heart disease”. The patient intermittently received “Shensongyangxin Capsules" and “Jiuxin pills” (with unknown details), but the above symptoms still recurred. At that time, the patient did not pay much attention to these; at about 2 o'clock this afternoon, she had a sudden onset of chest tightness while resting, and it was located posterior to middle and lower parts of sternum and presented a squeezing nature, it was not tolerated; the patient did not have radiating pain; the chest tightness persisted for 2 hours and could not be relieved after taking “Jiuxin Pills”; also, the patient had excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting (for several times) with all vomits of stomach contents without coffee-like substances; the patient did not have shortness of breath. Then the patient came to our hospital for treatment and the emergency electrocardiography revealed “II, III, aVF, V4R-V6R, V7-V9 ST segments elevated by 0.1-0.35 mv, III AVB, atrial flutter”; the patient was diagnosed with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction type) acute inferior wall, right ventricle, posterior wall myocardial infarction; the "urokinase 1.5 MU" was given for thrombolysis for approximately 1 hour and then the symptom of chest tightness was relieved as compared to before; the review electrocardiogram showed ST segment fell by more than 50%, which was considered as a successful thrombolysis. The patient was admitted to our department for further diagnosis and treatment. Since onset of symptoms, the patient has been in poor mental state, has average appetite and sleep, and normal stool and urine; no significant change was found in body weight.
Past medical history: the patient was diagnosed with "hypertension" more than one year ago with the blood pressure ranged between 140-160/70-90 mmHg; the patient intermittently took nitrendipine tablets; history of "hepatitis", "tuberculosis" and “upper digestive tract bleeding” was denied; the patient does not have the history of drug allergy, blood transfusion, trauma or surgery; vaccination history was unknown.
Personal history: Born in Changsha, Hunan without a history of living in other places permanently; history of exposure to living in epidemic region or infected water was denied. The patient has smoked for 30 years with about 20 cigarettes every day; the patient drinks occasionally; her spouse and children are physically healthy.
Menstrual history: first period at 15 years old, with each one for 3-5 days; 41 years old; the menstrual volume is high with normal color. No clots in menstruation; no dysmenorrhea.
Marital and childbearing history: The patient has been married for more than 40 years, and has 3 children; her spouse and children are physically healthy.
Family history: all family members are alive and healthy and denied the history of inherited and infectious diseases or those of the same kind.
Physical Examination
Body temperature: 36.0℃ Pulse rate: 58 beats/min Breath rate: 22 breaths/min BP: 104/54 mmHg Height: 156 cm Weight: 54.0 kg Waist 82 cm Hip 104 cm
The patient was normally developed and well nourished, had clear consciousness, presented the appearance of acute illness, and had active position. The skin color was normal all over body without jaundice or bleeding points; no liver palm or spider angioma was seen; no enlargement of superficial lymph nodes was noticed all over body.The head size was normal; no eyelid edema; no conjunctival congestion or edema; the cornea was transparent; both pupils were equal in size and roundness, and light reflex existed; the auricle had no deformity; lip mucosa was not cyanotic; no ulceration or bleeding was observed in oral mucosa; no throat congestion was found; no swelling of either tonsil was observed. The neck was soft and symmetrical without filling of jugular vein. The trachea was located in the middle and the thyroid was not enlarged. The thoracic cage was symmetric without deformities; the breathing frequency was normal. The percussion examination revealed clear sounds in both lungs; the breathing sounds were coarse in both lungs without significant dry or moist rales being auscultated; no pleural friction sound was heard. No uplift was found in the precordial area; the apex beat point was located at approximately 0.5 cm within clavicle midline of the left 5th intercostal space; the heart border was not expanded; the heart rate was 58 beats per minute with regular rhythms, and low and blunt sound; no pathological murmurs were auscultated in any valve area. Abdomen was flat with abdominal type breathing and without varicose veins on wall or gastrointestinal and peristaltic waves; the abdomen was soft without tenderness and rebound tenderness; no mass was palpated; the liver and spleen were not palpable under ribs; Murphy sign was negative. No percussive pain was found in area of liver or bilateral kidneys; shifting dullness was negative. Bowel sound was 4 time per minute without vascular murmur being auscultated. Anus and external genitalia were not checked. The spine had no deformity; no tenderness in paraspinal spikes; the extremities had no deformity; the joints had no swelling with free movement; no edema was found in lower extremities. The muscle and tension of limbs were normal; reflexes of knees existed; the Kernig’s, Brudzinski’s and Babinski’s signs were negative.
| Chinese to English: Observation on the efficacy of telbivudine blocking the mother-to-infant transmission from HBV-infected pregnant women
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical (general) | Source text - Chinese
替比夫定阻断乙型肝炎感染妊娠妇女母婴传播的效果观察
葛君，周红萍(杭州市第六人民医院临床药学室，浙江杭州310000)
摘要。目的 观察替比夫定阻断慢性乙型肝炎病毒妊娠期妇女母婴传播的效果。
方法 自2008年1月至12月在本院治疗的39例乙型肝炎病毒感染的妊娠妇女分为A组和B组。
A组14例孕妇在孕28周始口服替比夫定600mg，每天并同时肌肉注射乙肝免疫球蛋白针200u每月。
B组25例孕妇在孕28周始只肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白200u每月。
两组孕妇所生新生儿在出生后立即肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白针100u，同时按出生后0、l、6月方案规范肌注乙肝疫苗10µg。
分别观察两组孕妇的病毒动态、妊娠并发症、HBV-DNA变化率、分娩方式及新生儿HBV感染率、Apgar评分和发育情况。
结果 A组孕妇的HBV-DNA水平明显降低，而B组孕妇的HBV-DNA水平无明显变化。
A组14例孕妇所生的婴儿中外周血清检测2例HBsAg阳性其阻断率为85.00％，B组25例孕妇所生的婴儿中外周血清检测3例HbsAg阳性其阻断率为86.92％。
另外A组孕妇所生婴儿HBV感染率为0.00％，有9例发生妊娠并发症。
发育均正常。
B组孕妇所生婴儿HBV感染率为0.00％，有17例发生妊娠并发症，有l例婴儿面部畸形。
结论 替比夫定可有效降低高病毒载量孕妇HBV-DNA水平。
但对HBV母婴传播阻断率与肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白的效果相似。
关键词: 替比夫定；乙肝病毒；妊娠妇女；母婴传播；阻断
中国是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染高发区，人群乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率高达10％~20％，其中40％～50％通过母婴传播。慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者约有30％~50％是通过母婴转播形成的。因此，母婴传播是我国乙型肝炎病毒最重要的转播途径之一。国内外均采用乙型肝炎疫苗联合乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白对新生儿进行主、被动免疫的方式来降低乙型肝炎病毒感染率。但是，大量的临床研究证明，凡HbsAg、HbeAg阳性的孕妇所生婴儿90％以上均要感染HBV，无论是单用乙肝疫苗或是乙肝疫苗与乙肝免疫球蛋白同时使用对此疫苗绝不可能完全阻断母婴传播。近年来，陆续上市的核苷(酸)类药物可以有效地抑制HBV复制，降低血清HBV-DNA水平，虽然替比夫定、拉米夫定等药物的动物实验研究结果显示无致畸作用，但尚无足够证据来评价这些药物对人类用药的有效性与安全性。本次研究主要探讨在孕期口服替比夫定是否能有效提高母婴传播阻断率。
| Translation - English
Observation on the efficacy of telbivudine blocking the mother-to-infant transmission from HBV-infected pregnant women
Ge Jun, Zhou Hongping (Clinical Pharmacy, the Sixth People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000)
Abstract Objective To observe the efficacy of telbivudine blocking mother-to-infant transmission from HBV-infected pregnant women.
Methods 39 HBV-infected pregnant women receiving treatment in the hospital from January 2008 to December 2008 were divided into group A and group B.
Fourteen pregnant women in group A were orally administrated telbivudine 600 mg from the 28th week of gestation, and simultaneously received intramuscular injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) 200u daily per month.
Twenty-five pregnant women in group B received only intramuscular injection of HBIG 200u from 28 weeks′ gestation per month.
Babies born to two groups of pregnant women immediately received intramuscular injection of HBIG 100u after birth, and at the same time received standard intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine 10μg based on the 0, 1 and 6 month post-birth protocol.
Virus dynamics of the two groups of pregnant women, pregnancy complications, change rate of HBV-DNA, delivery mode and neonatal HBV infection rate, Apgar scores and developmental condition were respectively observed.
Results The HBV-DNA level of pregnant women in group A was significantly reduced and there were no significant changes in the HBV-DNA level of the pregnant women in group B.
Of the babies born to 14 pregnant women in group A, two were found to have a positive HBsAg result in the peripheral serum detection, with a blocking rate of 85.00%. Of the Babies born to 25 pregnant women in group B, three were found to have a positive HBsAg result in the peripheral serum detection, with a blocking rate of 86.92%.
In addition, the HBV infection rate was 0.00% in the infants born to pregnant women in group A, and there were 9 cases of pregnancy complications in this group.
Development conditions were all normal.
There were 17 cases of pregnancy complications and 1 infant with facial deformities.
Conclusion Telbivudine can effectively reduce HBV-DNA level of pregnant women with higher viral loads.
However, the blocking rate of mother-to-infant transmission of HBV was similar in efficacy to the intramuscular injection of HBIG.
Key words: Telbivudine, Hepatitis B virus, Pregnant women, Mother-to-infant transmission, Blocking.
China has high incidence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rate is as high as 10% to 20%, of which 40% to 50% was through mother-to-infant transmission. About 30% to 50% of patients got the chronic hepatitis B virus infection through mother-to-infant transmission. So the mother-to-infant transmission is one of the most important transmission routes in China. For neonates, the active and passive immunization ways which adopt hepatitis B vaccine combined with HBIG are adopted both at home and abroad to reduce the infection rate of hepatitis B virus. However, a large number of clinical studies have shown that over 90% of babies born to HBsAg and HBeAg-positive pregnant women were infected with HBV. With this vaccine, neither the hepatitis B vaccine alone nor hepatitis B vaccine combined with HBIG can completely block the mother-to-infant transmission. In recent years, available nucleoside (nucleotide) drugs can effectively inhibit HBV replication and reduce HBV-DNA serum level. Although animal experiment results showed that nucleoside drugs such as telbivudine and lamivudine had no teratogenic effects, there were no sufficient evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these drugs in humans. This study mainly investigated whether oral telbivudine can effectively improve the blocking rate of mother-to-infant transmission during pregnancy. The details are reported below.
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