to understand the distinction between U-values and R-values, the one being (kind of) the inverse of the other. See
http://www.architecture.com/SustainabilityHub/Designstrategi... for enlightenment.
Analogously with electrical resistance, thermal resistance increases with thickness, while thermal conductance decreases with thickness. The total resistance is inversely proportional to both area and thermal conductivity, so conductivity is sometimes a more natural parameter to use. Values expressed are usually "specific" values, meaning that they are given in terms of units per square metre.