terminal and recovery sacrifices
Russian translation: см.
| 20:10 Jun 15, 2008 |
| English to Russian translations [PRO] Medical - Medical: Pharmaceuticals | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Oleksandr Volyk Ukraine Local time: 09:27 | ||||||
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12 mins confidence: 
находящиеся при смерти и выздоравливающие подопытные Language variant: находящиеся РІ терминальном состоянии Рё РІС‹Р·РґРѕСЂР°РІР»РёРІР°СЋС Explanation: находящиеся при смерти и выздоравливающие подопытные -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 23 мин (2008-06-15 20:33:33 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Language variant: Подопытные, находящиеся в терминальном состоянии и идущие на поправку. Терминальное состояние: (от лат. terminalis — относящийся к концу), конечные стадии жизни — переходные состояния между жизнью и биологической смертью. Характеризуются глубокими, хотя и обратимыми нарушениями функций важнейших органов и систем организма, нарастающей гипоксией. Т. с. включает стадии предагонии, с угасанием сознания, рефлексов при сохранении дыхания и сердечной деятельности; агонии; клинической смерти, при которой отсутствуют внешние признаки жизни. Recovery - выздоравливать, поправляться (после болезни). Sacrifices - само собой жертвы, но если речь идёт об эксперименте, научнее их назвать подопытными. |
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27 mins confidence:
потери фатального и регенеративного типа Explanation: потери фатального и регенеративного типа Example sentence(s):
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5 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +2
peer agreement (net): +2забой животных в конце исследования и забой вылеченных (пролеченных) животных Explanation: ы -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 11 mins (2008-06-15 20:21:32 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- "terminal" подразумевает заключительную стадию исследования (в отличие от любых его промежуточных стадий); а "recovery", как известно, имеет такие смысловые значения, как "возвращение к норме", "излечение", "восстановление" и т.п. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 21 mins (2008-06-15 20:32:20 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Возможно, также, что "recovery" подразумевает востановительный период после курса/серии процедур (воздействий), и соответствующий забой животных именно в этот период. В качестве примера см. следующую цитату: "Toxicol Sci. 1998 May;43(1):28-38. Toxicology and humoral immunity assessment of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) following a 1-month whole body inhalation exposure in Fischer 344 rats. Burns-Naas LA, Mast RW, Klykken PC, McCay JA, White KL Jr, Mann PC, Naas DJ. Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan 48686, USA. D5 is a low-molecular-weight cyclic siloxane used for industrial and consumer product applications. The objective of the present study was to assess potential **toxic** and immunomodulatory consequences of inhalation exposure to D5. Male and female Fischer 344 rats (25/group) were exposed by whole body inhalation to 0, 10, 25, 75, or 160 ppm D5 6 h/day, 7 days/week for 28 days. Clinical signs, body weights, and food consumption were recorded. On the day following the final exposure, 10 rats/group/sex were euthanized and a complete necropsy performed. Following a **14-day nonexposure recovery period**, the remaining 5 rats/sex/group were necropsied. Body and organ weights were obtained and a complete set of tissues was taken for histopathology. Samples were also collected for serum chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis. Immunotoxicology-designated rats (10/sex/group) were immunized with sheep erythrocytes (sRBC) 4 days prior to euthanasia and cyclophosphamide (CYP) was administered i.p. to positive controls on days 24 through 28. The anti-sRBC antibody-forming cell (AFC) response was evaluated in a standard plaque assay. Blood was also collected for examination in the anti-sRBC enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). D5 exposure did not modulate humoral immunity, while the internal control, CYP, produced the expected suppression of the AFC response. D5 exposure caused no adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, or urinalysis parameters. Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) was significantly decreased in females at ****terminal (12%, 160 ppm) and recovery sacrifice****. A significant increase in the liver-to-body weight ratio was observed in female animals at the end of exposures (13%, 160 ppm), but was not noted in **recovery animals** from the same exposure group. In males, significant increases in liver-to-body weight (5%) and thymus-to-body weight (14%) ratios were also noted at the high dose at **terminal sacrifice** and were not present at **recovery**. At recovery only, a significant increase in spleen-to-body weight ratios (14 and 17%; 25 and 160 ppm, respectively) was noted. At the end of exposure, histopathological analysis indicated an increased incidence and severity of nasal (Level 1) goblet cell proliferation. Focal macrophage accumulation in the lung was also observed to be increased in incidence in both sexes at 160 ppm. At the end of the **recovery period**, the effects in both of these organs appeared to be reversible. In summary, D5 inhalation exposure did not alter humoral immunity and caused only minor, transient changes in hematological, serum chemistry, and organ weight values. Histopathological changes were confined to the respiratory tract and appeared to be reversible. The no observed effect level for systemic toxicity, based primarily on the liver weight changes, was 75 ppm" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9629617?ordinalpos=2&itoo... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 43 mins (2008-06-15 20:54:10 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Пожалуй, насчёт "вылеченных" - это я немного погорячился (не посмотрел, что речь идёт о токсикологических исследованиях). |
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