primary health
Russian translation: Первичная медико-санитарная помощь
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| 04:54 Jan 8, 2001 |
| English to Russian translations [PRO] Medical | |||||
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1 hr
Первичная медико-санитарная помощь Explanation: Primary health care should be the term, for the adjective primary refers to care rather than health. Admitting that and choosing PHC as an acronym of the term in question, we find that, according to the WHO concept, primary health care (PHC) lays emphasis on a patient's health promotion, disease prevention, adaptation of the technologies to help people maintain their habitual lifestyle in their habitual environment as long as possible, and integration of all aspects of PHC. The essence of the difference between the WHO concept of PHC and the concept of basic health services is that PHC is a process concerned with equity, intersectoral action, community participation and involvement for securing health gain. According to the Soviet Great Medical Encyclopedia, PHC in countries of the former Soviet Union (CIS or NIS) is a set of medical, sanitary, and hygienic measures taken at the first (primary) level of population contact with the health care services (Great Medical Encyclopedia, 1982)or in Russian: Первичная медико-санитарная помощь - совокупность лечебно-профилактических и санитарно-гигиенических мероприятий, проводимых на первом (первичном) уровне контакта населения со службами здравоохранения (Энциклопедический словарь медицинских терминов, М. 1983, т. 2, с. 307). There are many big and small programs of reforming and adapting the existing PHC facilities and approaches in the NIS according to the WHO concept, and for that matter the Asker may apply to numerous Web-links, especially http://www.aiha.com/english/programs/phc/zoya.htm, to get exhaustive information on the subject. Thank you for your patience and have a nice day! |
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1 hr
первая помощь Explanation: На мой взгляд, полным английским термином будет все же primary health care. В этом случае он переводится как "первая помощь" (при заболеваниях и несчастных случаях). ���������� ������ Lingvo 6.5 |
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1 hr
Comment Explanation: The Asker should be careful with a likely translation of the primary health care as первая помощь. Первая помощь is first aid or ... emergency medical treatment given to someone injured, suddenly ill, etc., before regular medical services can be obtained (Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, 1996) |
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2 hrs
общие заболевания, их диагностика и лечение Explanation: Please provide the entire sentence for a better translation. For instance if this is about health insurance and there is a sentence, something like "primary health physician", than it can simply be translated as "основной лечащий врач", or if it is something like "primary health clinic" than it can be translated as "поликлиника". Primary health in general is "общие заболевания, их диагностика и лечение" as opposed to specialists such as orthopedist, ear nose and throat doctor, gynecologist, etc. They are considered to be specialists because they only treat one particular area of anatomy/health. Primary physician is like a Russian участковый врач. Such doctors are consulted when you have a cold or you find a sore somewhere on your skin and don't know what it is, or you have consistently high blood pressure, etc. You go to your primary health physician and tell him about it. He makes a diagnosis and may send you to a specialist to follow up on your problem. For instance a situation like this: "You are a woman. You feel sick to your stomach for a while. You come to see your primary physician. The first thing he does is makes you take an EPT test and finds out that you are pregnant. His duties are over at this time and he sends you to a gynecologist (a specialist) to follow up on your pregnancy"). I hope this helps a little bit. If we know the entire sentence, we can be more effective here. Thank you, Kate. |
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3 hrs
первая медицинская помощь, меры первой медицинской помощи, система оказания перв.мед.пом. Explanation: Hi, Indeed, speaking more exactly, one should apply the combination of words "primary health _CARE_", because, in general, that combination of only two words "primary health" is not used. You perhaps know the words from well-known Alma-Ata Declaration: "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE is based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development." Cetainly, RF signed this document and thus obeys its principles. I cannot cite exactly the aims and objectives in view of absence of official books near my PC:) Beleave me, the heatth system in USSR was used by Soviet propaganda for explanation of achievement sof cosial system. It was not only propaganda. Our medical primary and "secondary" care yet is very high. A certain barrier to its development is the economical situation we living in. But some achievements (хирургия, кардиохируругия, урология, педиатрия, гинекология, etc.) are really great. The system of primary health care in RF is provided by qualitfied physicians which attend patients in so-called polyclinics (policlinics), where all habitants of cities and towns are registered. Paritents in villages are served by either local ФАП (фельдшерско-акушерский пункт) or Central District Hospital (TsRB = Центральная районная больница). Some years ago the system of obligatory dispancerization was introduced which required that every registered person should pass every year through a set of medical tests and should be observed by special physicians (e.g., general practitioner or local therapeutisc, oculist, surgeon, otolaryngologist, neuropathologist, etc. ). For young people, the different system is provided, e.g., special child polyclinics with a local (e.g., responsible for all young habitants of a certain micro-district) paediatrist. Of course, any woman (and specially pregnant one) is acompanied by medical care provided in special gynaecological polyclinics (so-called "women consutations"). One of indicators of the state medical system is so-called "medical card" (мелицинская карточка). A certain difference can be seen in the existence of special polyclinics, e.g., those for military officers, policemen, state security. Some large plants possess proper "medical parts" (мед-сан часть) and proper polyclinics. It MUST be mentioned that all system of primary health care in ex-USSR and in now existing RF are based on _f_r_e_e_ health care. And if now some operations cannot be made without payment in view of impossibility for clinics to purchase necessary tools and remedies (drugs), all surgical operations which are related to the life of a citizen MUST be made without payment. One can see the initial steps of Russian system of special medical polices (analog of medical insurance system in other countries) which should be taken into account by medical organizations as a sort of payment, but this yet is not developed in the whole Russian system of health care. I was among editors of Russian edition of Steadman's Medical Dictionary some years ago. I should say that some Russian manuals for students of medical universities are better than respective books in USA (you might visit site of GEOTAR Pblishing House). Most simple way to know better the situation is to visit some Russian sites (shame, but you cannot find site of ministry of health:() http://www.pediatr.mtu-net.ru/LearningSys/burn/to/pmp.htm http://www.cancerconf.mi.ru/7-4.html About part in our budget dedicated to health see: http://www.armstat.am/Publications/1998/12r/publ-12r-98-III.... More details require greater knowledge of country and hige space for simple citing. Your question seems to be rather, say, primary:) So, you might simply visit Russia and convince yourselves that the system of medical care here, including primary care, exists and works. Reference: http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/tatarstan/inv_proj/medic.htm Reference: http://www.pediatr.mtu-net.ru/LearningSys/burn/to/pmp.htm |
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13 hrs
Alma-Ata Declaration Explanation: Since the well-known Almata-Ata Declaration was mentioned in this interesting discussion, it would not be out of place to quote at least one of its major definitions, i.e. Primary Health Care in Russian: А. Первичная медико-санитарная помощь: обзор определений Первичная медико-санитарная помощь: подход ВОЗ (Алма-Ата) С середины 70-х годов концепция первичной медико-санитарной помощи (ПМП) стала объектом пристального внимания со стороны международного сообщества и медико-санитарных служб. Одной из причин для такого внимания явилось появление в мире большого числа новых независимых государств, которые сбросили свою зависимости и обрели свободу. Концепция ПМП является той концепцией, которая, по мнению Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), может стать основой для развития национальных систем здравоохранения в развивающихся странах. После Международной конференции по первичной медико-санитарной помощи (Алма-Ата, СССР), которая была организована совместно ВОЗ и Детским фондом ООН (ЮНИСЕФ), первичная медико - санитарная помощь была определена в качестве основного инструмента для достижения стратегической цели ВОЗ - обеспечения полного физического, духовного и социального благополучия всех наций к 2000 году. В соответствии с Алма-Атинской Декларацией, понятие ПМП включает как минимум следующее: -просвещение населения по основным вопросам здравоохранения и методам предупреждения проблем со здоровьем через притягивание внимания к этим проблемам или их контролирование; -продвижение идеи правильного питания, чистой воды и соблюдение основ санитарии; -охрана материнства и педиатрическая помощь, включающая планирование семьи; -вакцинация населения против основных инфекционных заболеваний; -предупреждение возникновения и проведение контроля за локальными эндемическими заболеваниями; -соответствующее лечение общих заболеваний и травм; -снабжение основными медикаментами. (Доклад на Международной конференции по первичной медико-санитарной помощи, Алма-Ата, СССР, 6-12 сентября 1978 года. ВОЗ, Женева, 1978 год). http://www.aiha.com/russian/programs/phc/zoya.htm Thanks |
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16 hrs
первичное звено здравоохранения Explanation: pervichnoye zveno zdravookhraneniya This depends on the context. If we are stressing the meaning " the first-aid (emergency) system", then the best translation is: Первичная медико-санитарная помощь (Primary health (=medical) care) However, we should bear in mind that «primary health» is part of the three-tire «total health care» (i.e. «Общая медицинская помощь», (Total Health Care = Primary Health + Secondary Health + Tertiary Health)) of a given country. In this case, we should be guided by the fact that «Health» also translates into Russian as «здравоохранение» (= «health care», see the medical dictionary below). Therefore, if we are talking about the first tire of the medical system, we may use, for “primary health”, the alternative «первичное здравоохранение», or «первичное звено здравоохранения», which one can often come across in the Russian media. A patient is normally referred to primary health at the initial stage of the treatment. The other two levels of the medical system are as follows: Вторичная (= специализированная) медицинская помощь Secondary care. This is the stage when a patient is treated by experts in a specific field of medicine. Высокоспециализированная (= третичная) медицинская помощь Tertiary care. This one is “the pride of a nation”, so to speak (e.g. cardiac surgery, renal transplant surgery, etc.), requiring the utmost medical skills. I hope that you will find this information useful. Regards. Source: Англо-русский медицинский словарь, Таллинн, 1992 �����-������� ���������� ������, �������, 1992 |
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