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Sample translations submitted: 3
English to Thai: CENTURION 3% Environmentally Responsible Foam Concentrate General field: Tech/Engineering
Source text - English Environmentally Responsible Centurion 3% is aqueous filmforming foam (AFFF) which is used at 3% concentration to
extinguish fires in hydrocarbon fuels. This new formulation
demonstrates National Foam’s commitment to superior
flexibility, firefighting performance, and environmental
responsibility. Centurion 3% is suitable for use with most
types of proportioning and discharge equipment.
AFFF foam concentrates are designed for rapid fire
knockdown by producing a thin aqueous film which spreads
across the surface of the fuel, separating the fuel from
oxygen. This is accomplished by allowing the foam solution
to quickly drain from the foam bubble that in turn, affects
long term sealability and burnback resistance.
The aqueous film is produced by the fluorocarbon surfactant
reducing the surface tension of the foam solution to a point
where the solution can be supported by the surface tension
of the fuel. The effectiveness of the aqueous film is directly
influenced by the surface tension of the fuel. The film tends
to be more effective on fuels with higher surface tension
such as diesel and jet fuels, and less effective on fuels with
lower surface tension such as hexane and gasoline.
Features
• Low energy input AFFF – requires minimal agitation.
• Excellent fluidity provides rapid “knockdown”.
• Suitable for use with fresh or sea water.
• Compatible with standard proportioning and air
aspirating foam making devices.
• Suitable for use with foam compatible dry powder
extinguishing agents.
Applications
Centurion 3% is used at 3% concentration in fire suppression systems and manually to fight fires involving hydrocarbon fuels such as crude oil, gasoline, and fuel oils. It is not
suitable for use on polar solvents or water miscible fuels
such as alcohol’s, ketones, esters, and ethers. Typical installations include foam water sprinkler systems, aircraft
hangars, loading racks, process areas, etc. Centurion 3%
is an excellent agent for use in aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) or other manual fire fighting applications where
polar solvent fuels are not encountered. It is also useful as
a wetting agent in combating class A fires.
In general, AFFF foam concentrates may be used with non
aspirating nozzles and sprinklers, however, for best foam
expansion and 25% drainage time all foam concentrates
should be used with aspirating nozzles and foam making
discharge devices.
Typical Physical Properties
Appearance .......................................... Pale Yellow Liquid
Specific Gravity at 77°F(25°C) ................................... 1.03
pH ............................................................................... 8.0
Viscosity at 77°F(25°C) ......................................... 2.0 csk
Freezing Point ................................................. 23°F(-5°C)
Minimum Usable Temperature .......................... 35°F(2°C)
Maximum Usable Temperature .....................120°F(49°C)
Approvals and Listings
• Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
Centurion 3% has successfully passed UL-162 7th Edition
test criteria for use at 3% concentration on hydrocarbons.
The U.L. Listings include application through a variety of
proportioning and foam making discharge devices using
fresh or sea water. Consult National Foam for a complete
list of these devices.
Storage and Handling
Centurion 3% is ideally stored in its original shipping
container or in tanks or other containers which have been
designed for such foam storage. Recommended
construction materials are stainless steel (Type 304L or
316), high density cross-linked polyethylene or reinforced
polyester (isophthalic polyester resin) with a vinyl ester resin
internal layer coating (50-100 mils).
Foam concentrates are subject to evaporation, which
accelerates when the product is exposed to air. Storage
tanks should be sealed and fitted with a pressure vacuum
vent to prevent free exchange of air. The recommended
storage environment is within the UL Listed temperature
range of 35°F to 120°F (2°C to 49°C).
English to Thai: STAINLESS STEEL General field: Tech/Engineering
Source text - English Austenitic stainless steels are iron-chromium-nickel alloys which are hardenable only by cold working. Nickel is the main
element varied within the alloys of this class while carbon is kept to low levels. The nickel content may be varied from about 4% to
22% - higher values of nickel are added to increase to ductility of the metal. When chromium is increased to raise the corrosion
resistance of the metal, nickel must also be increased to maintain the austenitic structure.
These alloys are slightly magnetic in the cold-worked condition, but are essentially non-magnetic in the annealed condition
in which they are most often used. The austenitic types feature adaptability to cold forming, ease of welding, high-temperature
service, and, in general, the highest corrosion resistance. Following are brief descriptions of some of our most commonly ordered
stainless steels:
Type 302 stainless steel is a general purpose material with greater corrosion resistance but less work hardening than Type
301. This is the basic alloy of the austenitic group often referred to as 18:8. Machinability - 40%. Drawing or stamping - good.
Welding - very good, tough welds.
Type 304 stainless steel has lower carbon to minimize carbide precipitation. It is less heat sensitive than other 18:8 steels.
Used in high-temperature applications. Machinability - 45%. Drawing or stamping - very good. Welding - very good, tough welds.
Type 304L stainless steel has an extra low carbon content to avoid harmful carbide precipitation in welding applications. Its
corrosion resistance is comparable to type 304. Machinability - 44%. Drawing or stamping - very good. Welding - very good,
recommended for welding.
Type 316 stainless steel contains molybdenum for better corrosion resistance - particularly to pitting. Machinability - 45%.
Drawing or stamping - good. Welding - very good, tough welds.
Type 316L stainless steel has a carbon content lower than 316 to avoid carbide precipitation in welding applications. Machinability - 45%. Drawing or stamping - good. Welding - very good, recommended for welding.
Typical Analysis in Percent
English to Thai: Bitcoin - Bags of Dreams & Ranging Markets
Source text - English Back in late June and early July we mentioned that Bitcoin was likely to go through a consolidation or ranging phase which could last weeks or months. Here we are two months into a consolidation and we are still ranging. Nothing has changed and until the market decides to trend, most are simply guessing at the direction.
The only thing that has changed is the strength of the Alt market. While many are still looking for the next big alt rally, we have been rotating out of alts and into Bitcoin . There are many fundamental reasons for this likely fruition, but even without the fundamentals it is clear from the charts.
Technicals:
Bitcoin continues to range between the lower 9k's and 13k . No progress is being made one way or the other, however, as many seek to find the holy grail indicator of trading and investing, they fail to recognize the simple things.
The current price action is near the lower end of the range, and over the past 10 days or so, buyers have been stepping in below 10k as evident of the daily wicks. You won't find this on any indicator, it is purely recognizing price action and order flow.
The 10k level is a psychological level and if broken through 8500 once again comes into play, but there is still broader support in the low 9k area which has held so far. This is an area for potential fake-out, where once again those that are attempting to blindly trade the consolidation are pushed from their positions only to see a bullish reversal.
This happened in mid July with a very breakdown of price which scared many out of the market. Price quickly recovered only to break down once again to retest the low. The prevailing bullish trend had many, that sold under 10k, rushing to get back into the market before once again giving way.
There are numerous resistance and support levels within this range, but the two most important ones currently are 10k for the bulls, and 11k for the bears. Both of these levels are subject to fake-outs and or breakouts and that is the risk here.
With that said, we retain our bullish position in this area, as the market has yet to prove otherwise. Look to buy and swing trades out of the lower end of the range, and either trim or close out trades at the upper. This is not a trending market it is a ranging one, and until something changes, we stick to the strategy of trading a ranging market.
The risk is we break support or resistance and start to trend. Do we know whether this is the next leg for a swing to 20k, or a swing lower to the mid 8's? NO, and neither does anyone else.
All we can do is act on the information available at the current moment. We have no control over the market, but what every trader and investor has control over is risk. Risk management is more important than being right or wrong as it determines the amount of pain you are willing and able to take.
I worked in Fire Fighting System and Mechanical Engineering for 15 years but I graduated in Chemical Engineering. Now I start to work as freelancer because I have to stay in both Thailand and Holland.If you need someone to translate Engineering document. I am ready to serve you