http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:e9yKn0Ct2TQJ:usccis.org/...

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Note added at 49 mins (2006-10-20 02:43:16 GMT)
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hub-and-spoke security framework:

"Thirdly, it has long been a cliché among international relations scholars that East Asia does not have any strong multilateral institution for security cooperation, such as the OSCE or the NATO in Europe. During the Cold War period, the security in this region had been well served by a hub-and-spoke model centering on the United States. However, the end of the Cold War and the subsequent change in the international environment began to expose weaknesses in the system. The most important weakness is that this system does not effectively deal with the disputes or conflicts among spoke countries. For example, the current bilateral confrontations among Korea, Japan, and China can not be effectively dealt with by the hub-and-spoke security framework. In such a framework, these kinds of regional disputes that are not directly related to the United States are often left unattended.

All these elements seem to have negatively affected the stability of international relations in Northeast Asia. I think it is time for the political leaders in Northeast Asia and particularly in the United States to pay more attention to this gap in the hub-and-spoke security framework and address its fixes. "


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Note added at 53 mins (2006-10-20 02:47:27 GMT)
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hub-and-spoke = 集中星形;航空领域中使用的hub-and-spoke 模型;“hub-and-spoke（中心辐射型）” 架构:

[PDF] Toys “ R ” Us ： Juniper 网络公司使这家玩具零售业领导者的带宽增加 ...File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Toys“R”Us公司维护着两个数据中心，它们通过集中星形网络（hub-and-spoke）. 体系结构与区域分销中心相连接。 ... 100，NetScreen-IDP 500，NetScreen-SA 1000，NetScreen-SA 3000，NetScreen-SA 5000，NetScreen Security Manager，NetScreen- ...
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[PDF] Conference Papers “An East Asian Community and the United States”File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is an example of such a cooperative security framework, although it. does not possess means of coercion. ... It is impossible for East Asia to substitute the hub and spoke bilateral alliance ...
www.ceac.jp/e/pdf/060622.pdf - Similar pages


[PDF] 3. New Regionalism: Options for China and East AsiaFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
regionalism and that it has a coherent framework for deciding which agreements to enter. Costs and benefits of economic regionalism ... Hub and spoke agreements do not provide equal market access to all participants. Even if ...
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Note added at 56 mins (2006-10-20 02:50:20 GMT)
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hub-and-spoke + 轮轴;轴与辐条模式:

[PDF] 经济发展论坛工作论文FED Working Papers Series No. FC20050034 Guess ...File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
这些国家的正式双边投资条约（bilateral investment treaties, BITs）的签订，以使双方到对方国家 ... 美国的策略在于运用由两两双边关系所构成的FTA「轮轴」（hub and spoke）. 网络，针对东协国家个个击破，以拆解东亚经济集团化的趋势。 ...
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Note added at 1 hr (2006-10-20 02:59:31 GMT)
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美国的策略在于运用由两两双边关系所构成的FTA「轮轴」（hub and spoke）:
在美洲自由贸易区内，美国就处在中心国家的位置。有些经济学家提出了经济一体化的中心—边缘模式（hub and spoke pattern）。:
美国在亚洲的政策奉行的是“中心和轮辐"的原则（"hub and spoke" ... :
在亚洲，美国偏爱一方面与其盟友，另一方面与其共产党宿敌保持一系列“轮轴与轮辐”(hub and spoke)的双边关系，从而使该地区即不可能分裂，也不可能一体化，然而，对于那些足够幸运地站在“正确”一方的国家来说，冷战使它们有可能通过美国的直接援助来加速 ...:

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对美国国内各利益团体而言，冷战时期配合「外交政策」的单边让利，. 对其他（特别是开发中国（大陆）家）地区自由开放，而不求 ... 美国的策略在于运用由两两双边关系所构成的FTA「轮轴」（hub and spoke）. 网络，针对东协国家个个击破，以拆解东亚经济 ...
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