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English to Serbian: In Focus: Impact Monitoring General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: International Org/Dev/Coop
Source text - English Impact is usually defined as the long-term, sustainable changes, intended or unintended, brought about by a given intervention. This definition is however not without problems. What does sustainable mean? And what is positive and negative? What is positive for some, may be negative for others. The long-term vs. short-term is also tricky. Do things have to have a long-term impact?
Impact is more complicated, because we quickly face the classical problem of attribution. How can we safely determine whether a given social change has occurred because of our intervention, was it not because of other concomitant events? And what if things turn bad? Was that our fault? What often happens is that donors claim that progress is due to their intervention, but they rarely assume responsibility if things go wrong, but blame this on “external contingencies”.
To assess the impact of an information provision programme is not possible in a crude positivist sense. You cannot make a “before and after” assessment, neither can you assess the difference of the people who have received information, and those that have not. What we have attempted to do is to trace the dynamisms involved, the local struggles, the different stakeholder interests and the general truisms influencing policy outline within the IDP issues, all elements which influence the course of the programme. The report concludes that attention should be paid to the lack of legitimacy of donor associations in the eyes of IDPs and the lack of understanding IDPs have of the institutional setup to support return. Furthermore it suggests that attention be paid to the intricacies of IDP representation.
A central concern of the Impact unit is that there is a common belief that impact analysis can bring answers to questions which are virtually unanswerable. Projects and programmes are often implemented in extremely turbulent social contexts, where a number of other prjects and programmes are being implemented. At the same time, our projects, in their outset become more and more difficult to measure in concrete terms. Where earlier a construction project could be assessed from the number of houses built and the number of people who returned to them, things are now more complicated. How do we assess a programme, which disseminates information? Or even more complicated, how do we assess attempts to “build capacity” or to “strengthen civil society”? It is often not even clear to project implementors themselves what they exactly mean by these fine intentions. DRC staff may get the suspicion that the impact team is like having a constant team of evaluators on their back, constantly assessing whether people work according to standards, reporting back to the boss, and constantly suggesting ways to increase the workload. Instead of looking at the impact unit this way we would like if people saw us more like a possibility to adjust inadequate work practices, to discuss more relevant approaches and to share concerns whether we, as a programme, are doing the right thing.
Translation - Serbian Uticaj aktivnosti se obično definiše kao dugoročna, održiva promena, namerna ili nenamerna, koja nastaje nekom intervencijom. Ova definicija ipak ima problem. Šta znači - održivo? I šta je pozitivno, a šta negativno? Ono što je za nekoga pozitivno, za druge može biti negativno. Dugoročni uticaji nasuprot kratkoročnim mogu isto biti vrlo varljivi. Da li stvari moraju da imaju dugoročan uticaj?
Uticaj aktivnosti je složeniji, jer se vrlo brzo suočavamo sa klasičnim problemom atribucije (pripisivanja svojstva nečemu). Kako možemo sa sigurnošću odrediti da je neka društvena promena nastala kao rezultat naše intervencije, a ne pod dejstvom nekih pratećih okolnosti? A šta ako stvari krenu loše? Da li je to bila naša greška? Ono što se često događa je da donatori tvrde da je napredak pod uticajem njihove intervencije, ali retko preuzimaju odgovornost ako stvari krenu loše. U tom slučaju krive “spoljašnje okolnosti”.
Nije moguće proceniti uticaje programa pružanja informacija u jednom strogo pozitivističkom duhu. Ne može se izvršiti procena “pre i posle”, niti se može proceniti razlika između ljudi koji su primili informaciju i onih koji nisu. Ono što smo mi pokušali da učinimo je da utvrdimo prisutnu dinamiku, lokalne sukobe, interese različitih učesnika procesa i uopštena načela koja utiču na konturu politike prema pitanjima IRL, sve elemente koji deluju na tok programa. Izveštaj zaključuje da treba obratiti pažnju na nedostatak legitimiteta donatorskih udruženja u očima IRL-a i na manjak razumevanja koje IRL imaju u odnosu na institucionalnu postavku podrške povratku. Izveštaj dalje sugeriše obraćanje pažnje na zamršenost procesa predstavljanja IRL.
Osnovna zabrinutost Odeljenja za praćenje uticaja aktivnosti je zajedničko verovanje da analiza uticaja aktivnosti može dati odgovore na pitanja na koja virtuelno nije moguće dati odgovore. Projekti i programi se često primenjuju u krajnje društveno turbulentnom kontekstu, gde se već sprovode drugi programi i projekti. U isto vreme, naše projekte, u samoj njihovoj postavci je sve teže i teže meriti na konkretan način. Dok se ranije projekat rekonstrukcije mogao procenjivati na osnovu broja sagrađenih kuća i ljudi koji su se u njih vratili, stvari su sada mnogo složenije. Kako možemo da procenimo program koji pruža informacije? Ili čak i složenije, program “izgradnje kapaciteta” ili “jačanja civilnog društva”? Često čak ni onima koji primenjuju projekat nije jasno šta te dobre namere tačno podrazumevaju.
Zaposleni DSI možda posumnjaju da imati Tim za praćenje uticaja aktivnosti izgleda kao da neprekidno za vratom imaju tim za evaluaciju, koji stalno procenjuje da li ljudi postupaju u skladu sa standardima, izveštava njihove nadređene, i stalno predlaže načine da se poveća obim posla. Umesto da budemo viđeni na ovaj način, mi bismo želeli da nas ljudi više doživljavaju kao mogućnost da unaprede neodgovarajuće radne zadatke, da razmatraju bolje pristupe radu, i da delimo brigu o tome da li mi, kao program, činimo pravu stvar.
Serbian to English: Case Study: Human Trafficking General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - Serbian Izvestaj daje iscrpan pregled, definicije i statisticke podatke o broju osoba ukljucenih u trgovinu ljudskim bicima; zatim, drustveno-ekonomski polozaj zena u njihovim zemljama porekla; povezanost migracija i trgovine ljudskim bicima; razlicite aspekte vezane za trgovinu zenama i pravnu regulativu; pomoc zrtvama; probleme oko identifikacije i reintegracije zrtava trgovine ljudima, kao i preporuke vladama, medjunarodnim organizacijama i NGO kako da se suoce sa ovom modernom vrstom ropstva. Istovremeno, aktivistkinje razlicitih zenskh grupa u vecini analiziranih zemalja iz ovog Izvestaja, organizovale su se i pripremile da prihvate zrtve trgovine zenama, tako da se pojavilo jos nekoliko analiza, istrazivanja, edukativno-preventivnih brosura, video-filmova i slicnih strategijski vaznih delovanja za borbu protiv ovog vida kriminala.
Zato ce i ovde trgovina ljudskim bicima biti odredjena onako kako se to cini u Protokolima UN.
Osnovu svake trgovine zenama cini cista eksploatacija koja se zasniva na njihovom ropskom odnosu. Eksploatacija se postize razlicitim oblicima prinude u cilju seksualnog iskoriscavanja zbog sticanja profita od strane makroa, svodnika, trgovca, posrednika, vlasnika bordela i drugih poslodavaca, klijenata i kriminalnih grupa.
Translation - English It gives a thorough review, definitions and statistics on number of persons involved in human trafficking; socio-economic status of women in their countries of origin; relation between migration and trafficking; different aspects of trafficking and legal regulations; assistance to the victims; problems in identifying and re-integrating victims of trafficking as well as recommendations to the governments, international organisations and NGOs on how to tackle this contemporary type of slavery. At the same time, activists of different women groups in the majority of countries analised in the Report, organised themselves and prepared to shelter victims of trafficking. Thus other surveys, researches, educational and prevention brochures, films and similar strategically important actions against this type of crime emerged.
Therefore, human trafficking will be defined here in the same way as it is done in the UN Protocols.
All women trafficking is based on pure exploitation built on slavery. Exploitation is achieved by various forms of compulsion with the aim of sexual exploitation for profit gained by pimps, procurers, traders, go-betweens, brothel owners and other employers, clients and criminal groups.
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