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English to Spanish: Babies may sense others' worldviews earlier than thought General field: Science Detailed field: Psychology
Source text - English Even if your baby is very smart, he probably can’t read your mind — he might not even know you have one. New research suggests that infants as young as 7 months are sensitive to the perspectives of others. But more work is needed to demonstrate whether babies fully grasp that others have their own beliefs.
The new study, published December 24 in Science, adds to a large body of research exploring when humans first develop the capacity to infer the intentions and perspectives of others, a cognitive ability termed “theory of mind.” Scientists have long debated whether this is an innate ability or one that is arrived at as a young brain gathers information and experience.
Previous research suggested that kids can’t distinguish between what other people believe is going on from what is actually going on until the age of 4 or 5. This developmental milestone was explored in classic experiments where children see a boy, Maxie, put chocolate into a kitchen drawer. Maxie then leaves, and someone else comes in and moves the chocolate to a cupboard. Then Maxie comes back inside and wants his chocolate. The children are asked where Maxie will go: the drawer, where he thinks the chocolate is, or the cupboard, where it really is.
Translation - Spanish Aún si su bebé es muy listo, es probable que no pueda leer mentes - quizás ni siquiera sepa que usted posee una. Investigaciones recientes sugieren que los infantes de hasta tan sólo 7 meses son sensibles a las perspectivas de otros. Pero hace falta trabajar más para demostrar si los bebés son plenamente capaces de dicernir que los demás tienen sus propias creencias.
Este nuevo estudio, publicado el 24 de Diciembre en la revista "Science", se suma a una gran cantidad de investigaciones que exploran cuándo los humanos comienzan por vez primera a desarrollar la capacidad de inferir las intenciones y perspectivas de otros, una capacidad cognitiva denominada "teoría de la mente". Los científicos han debatido por mucho tiempo si ésta es una capacidad innata o si se va adquiriendo a medida que el jóven cerebro acumula información y experiencia.
Estudios anteriores han sugerido que los niños no pueden distinguir entre lo que los demás creen que sucede y lo que en realidad sucede hasta la edad de 4 o 5 años. Este hito en el desarrollo fue explorado en experimentos clásicos en donde los niños ven a un chico, Maxie, colocar chocolate en una gabeta de cocina. Maxie luego se va y alguien más llega y mueve el chocolate a un gabinete. Luego Maxi entra de nuevo buscando su chocolate. Se le pregunta a los niños a dónde irá Maxie: a la gabeta, en donde él cree que está el chocolate o al gabinete, en donde realmente se encuentra el mismo.
Spanish to English: Una Asamblea Nacional multicolor inicia hoy sus actividades General field: Other Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - Spanish Todo está listo para el acto de juramentación de los nuevos diputados a la Asamblea Nacional, que comenzará hoy a las 9:00 am. Ayer los curules, las paredes y hasta las puertas del Palacio Federal Legislativo fueron limpiadas para dar la bienvenida a la nueva representación popular, que comienza un período constitucional que durará hasta 2016.
El Parlamento dejará de ser monocolor.
Estará integrado ahora por 98 diputados del Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, 65 de la coalición opositora Mesa de la Unidad Democrática y 2 del partido Patria Para Todos.
Iniciará sesiones en medio de tensiones y de expectativas, luego de que la Asamblea Nacional saliente otorgara al presidente Hugo Chávez poderes para legislar por 18 meses, reformara el Reglamento Interior y de Debates para limitar la participación de los diputados en las sesiones, y aprobó un conjunto de leyes que, a juicio, de analistas políticos opositores, cercenan libertades y derechos fundamentales.
Además, la bancada ofi cialista ha descartado legislar de forma consensuada con la oposición y adelantó que los tres directivos, que podrá elegir por contar con la mayoría, pertenecerán al PSUV.
Translation - English Everything is set for the swearing-in ceremony for the new deputies of the National Assembly, to start at 9:00 am. Yesterday the seats, the walls, and even the doors of the Legislative Federal Palace were cleaned to welcome the new popular representation, which is starting a new constitutional period that will conclude in 2016.
Parliament will cease to be of one color.
It will be comprised by 98 deputies from the United Venezuelan Socialist Party (PSUV), 65 from the opposition coallition, the Democratic Board of Unity (MUD), and 2 from the PPT party.
Sessions will begin in the midst of tensions and expectations, after the outgoing National Assembly granted President Hugo Chávez legislative powers for 18 months, reformed the Internal Debate Bylaw to limit deputy participation during sessions, and approved a body of laws that, in the view of opposition political analysts, will restrain fundamental liberties and rights.
Furthermore, ruling party deputies have ruled out legislating by consensus with the opposition, and disclosed that since they have the majority, the three chairpersons of the directive board will belong to the PSUV,
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Bachelor's degree - UNIMET
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Years of experience: 30. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2010.
English to Spanish (Escuela de Idiomas Modernos, Universidad Metropolitana ) Spanish to English (Escuela de Idiomas Modernos, Universidad Metropolitana )
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