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Translation, Editing/proofreading, Transcription, Training
English to Turkish: The Left and The "Woman Question" (Hammed Shahidian) General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - English The relationship between feminism and socialism in both the theoretical and practical realms has been marked with difficulty and "unhappiness." Feminists have criticized leftists for their lack of attention to sexual domination, and many socialists, in turn, have looked at women's liberation movements as a bourgeois deviation or, worse yet, a conspiracy against the workers' struggle. In 19th-century social democratic movements in Europe, conflicts between feminist-socialist advocates of women's rights such as Clara Zetkin and "proletarian anti-feminism" among workers and communists were constant. Eventually, guided by the theo- retical insights of a number of socialist leaders such as Bebel, Engels, and Zetkin, socialist parties of the First and Second Internationals came to realize that the cause of the women's movement was just and to accept autonomous women's organizations. The Third International, or Comintern, although it initially claimed to liberate women "not only on paper, but in reality, in actual fact," treated the inequality of women as a secondary consideration. Focusing on production and labor conflict, the Comintern paid attention only to women's exploitation by capital to the extent that "by the end of the 1920s, any special emphasis on women's social subordination in communist propaganda or campaigning came to be regarded as a capitulation to bourgeois feminism." Leftist women activists lost their organizational autonomy and had to work under the supervision of their national com- munist party. The hegemony that the Communist party of the Soviet Union— which occupied a leading role in the Comintern—and the Comintern exercised on a great portion of the communist movement worldwide had a long-lasting effect on the left's relationship with the women's movement. In China, the Communist party first supported the feminist movement, indicting the Confucian moral code, female chastity, and traditional marriage and family structure, and advocating women's education and economic independence, but this was tempered after their accession to power.
Translation - Turkish Feminizm ve sosyalizm arasındaki ilişki, teorik ve pratik anlamda zorluk ve "mutsuzluk" ile damgalanagelmiştir. Feministler solcuları cinsiyet temelli egemenlik ilişkilerine ilgisiz kalmakla eleştirirken, birçok sosyalist de kadın kurtuluş hareketlerini bir burjuva sapkınlığı, ya da, daha kötüsü, işçilerin mücadelesine yönelik bir tezgah olarak görmüştür. 19. yüzyıl Avrupasındaki Sosyal demokrat hareketlerde, Clara Zetkin gibi feminist-sosyalist kadın hakları savunucuları ile işçiler ve komünistler arasındaki "anti-feminist proleterler" sürekli bir çekişme halindelerdi. Neticede Bebel, Engels ve Zetkin gibi sosyalist liderlerin teorik anlayışlarının yol gösterdiği Birinci ve İkinci Enternasyoneldeki sosyalist partiler kadın hareketinin amacının haklılığını ve otonom -özerk- kadın örgütlerini kabullendiler. Üçüncü Enternasyonel, ya da Komüntern, başta kadınları "sadece kağıtta değil, gerçeklikte, güncel realitede" özgürleştireceğini öne sürse de , kadınların eşitsizliğini ikincil -tali- bir mesele olarak gördü. Üretim ve emek meselesine odaklanan Komüntern, kadınların sadece sermaye tarafından maruz kaldığı sömürüyle ilgilendi; Öyle ki "1920'lerin sonuna gelindiğinde, komünist propaganda ve kampanyada kadınlara yönelik toplumsal tahakküme yapılan herhangi bir vurgu, burjuva feminizmine verilen bir taviz olarak algılanılıyordu." Solcu kadın aktivistler örgütsel özerkliklerini yitirdiler ve ulusal komünist partilerinin denetimi altında çalışmak zorunda kaldılar. Komüntern ve -Komüntern'de öncü rol oynayan- Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisinin uluslararası komünist hareketin büyük bir bölümü üzerindeki hegemonyası, solun kadın hareketiyle ilişkisinde kalıcı bir etki bıraktı. Çin'de, Komünist Parti başta Konfüçyan ahlak yasalarını, kadın namusu kavramını, geleneksel evliliği ve aile yapısını eleştirip, kadınların eğitimini ve ekonomik bağımsızlığını savunarak feminist hareketi desteklese de iktidara geldikten sonra tutumu sertleşti.
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Years of experience: 15. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2014.
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I have been working as a Turkish-Persian-English translator and interpreter since more than six years. My areas of expertise are sociology, migration and refugees, politics, and psychology.
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