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English to Chinese: Ancient Arab Shipwreck Yields Secrets of Ninth-Century Trade 古阿拉伯船骸所透露的九世纪贸易的秘密 General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Archaeology
Source text - English For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
"Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped Art Science Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilizations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Smithsonian Institution in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.
“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. “It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”
Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilizations Museum and a co-curator of the exhibition.
Mr. Raby said: “The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. “Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”
Translation - Chinese 考古学家们和历史学家们研究1998年於印度尼西亚勿里洞岛岛岛发现的九世纪阿拉伯沈船长达十馀年。发现残骸的潜水者当时不会想到，它会最终被认为是20世纪末最重要的海事发现之一。
这艘船载着一个昂贵的货舱——60，000件瓷器和各类金银器——它的发现证实了在唐代中国与阿卜巴西德伊朗之间的海上丝绸之路上贸易有多麽重要。它也揭示出中国在那时就大规模生产出口贸易商品，并且调整商品以迎合西亚客户的品味了。
”船只遇难者：唐代宝藏和阿拉伯季风“在由莫什•萨福迪设计的新建莲花状艺术科学博物馆里展出着从勿里洞岛残骸里发现的物品。此次展出受到这儿的亚洲文明博物馆丶亚瑟.M.萨克勒画廊和华盛顿的史密斯索尼安机构支持，计画在接下来的五六年间在全球不同的博物馆巡回展出。
“此次展览告诉了我们一个关於全球化重要一刻的故事”，朱利安·拉比说，他是史密斯索尼安自由艺术画廊和亚瑟.M.萨克勒画廊的总监。它再现了辛巴德神话传说中航海到中国赚取巨款的故事。它使我们看到九世纪的世界并不像我们所假定得那样碎片化。那时有两大出口势力：东方的大唐和巴格达的阿巴西德。“
直到勿里洞岛的发现，历史学家们都还认为唐代中国主要通过中亚的陆路贸易，尤其通过丝绸之路。古代文献提到波斯船队驶过东南亚海域，但是直到勿里洞岛船骸被发现，都没有船骸被找到过。它的货舱证实了大量的贸易通过海路进行，亚洲文明博物馆的文物管理人和此次展出的管理人之一的谭海迪（音译）说。
拉比先生说：”此次发现的规模使我们认识到两件事：其一是中国当时已经以工业化的规模进行生产，其二是中国不再生产用来埋的陶瓷。“他所指的是墓葬用陶器的生产，比如骆驼和马匹的陶瓷，墓葬用陶器的生产在八世纪末期已经被禁。”相应地，工匠们寻找其他市场，他们开始生产餐具，然後开辟了一个出口市场。“
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