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Sample translations submitted: 1
Spanish to English: Medidas cautelares General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - Spanish MEDIDAS CAUTELARES
Concepto, propósito y presupuestos
Medidas cautelares son aquellas tendientes a impedir que el derecho cuyo reconocimiento se pretende obtener a través del proceso en que se dicta la providencia cautelar pierda su eficacia en el tiempo que transcurre entre la iniciación de ese proceso y la sentencia definitiva.
La procedencia de las medidas cautelares o precautorias está sujeta a dos presupuestos básicos: la “verosimilitud del derecho” o fumus boni iuris de quien la solicita, que debe desprenderse prima facie de la petición, y “el peligro en la demora”. Es este segundo requisito el que da su razón de ser a las medidas precautorias, ya que, como se dijo antes, su objetivo es impedir que el transcurso del tiempo incida negativamente en la factibilidad de cumplimiento de la sentencia.
Debe agregarse también la necesidad de otorgar contracautela por parte del sujeto activo, que concreta en cierto modo la igualdad de las partes en el proceso, pues viene a contrarrestar la falta de contradicción inicial que caracteriza al proceso cautelar. La contracautela, que puede ser real o personal y, en ciertos casos, juratoria, debe cubrir los eventuales perjuicios que irrogaría una medida cautelar dictada sin derecho. Pero no es necesario que cubra el importe por el cual se ha trabado la medida (por ej., un embargo) ni que sea equivalente a la cuantía del juicio.
LEY 26.854
Sancionada: Abril 24 de 2013 – Promulgada: Abril 29 de 2013
Título I
De las medidas cautelares en las causas en las que es parte o interviene el Estado nacional
(…)
ARTÍCULO 2° — Medidas cautelares dictadas por Juez incompetente.
1. Al momento de resolver sobre la medida cautelar solicitada el juez deberá expedirse sobre su competencia, si no lo hubiere hecho antes.
Los jueces deberán abstenerse de decretar medidas cautelares cuando el conocimiento de la causa no fuese de su competencia.
2. La providencia cautelar dictada contra el Estado nacional y sus entes descentralizados por un juez o tribunal incompetente, sólo tendrá eficacia cuando se trate de sectores socialmente vulnerables acreditados en el proceso, se encuentre comprometida la vida digna conforme la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, la salud o un derecho de naturaleza alimentaria. También tendrá eficacia cuando se trate de un derecho de naturaleza ambiental.
(…)
ARTÍCULO 5° — Vigencia temporal de las medidas cautelares frente al Estado.
Al otorgar una medida cautelar el juez deberá fijar, bajo pena de nulidad, un límite razonable para su vigencia, que no podrá ser mayor a los seis (6) meses. En los procesos de conocimiento que tramiten por el procedimiento sumarísimo y en los juicios de amparo, el plazo razonable de vigencia no podrá exceder de los tres (3) meses.
No procederá el deber previsto en el párrafo anterior, cuando la medida tenga por finalidad la tutela de los supuestos enumerados en el artículo 2°, inciso 2. (…)
LA JURISPRUDENCIA HA DICHO:
“Corresponde admitir la medida cautelar solicitada (suspensión del pago del canon locativo), en tanto que la verosimilitud del derecho ha sido en principio admitida por el a quo, y considerando además que la cautela solicitada no importaría tanto como una prohibición de innovar en sentido estricto, sino más bien lo que se ha dado en llamar doctrinariamente medida cautelar innovativa.”
(CNCiv. sala F, diciembre 7-990. Seery, Daniel c. Municipalidad de Buenos Aires)
Translation - English PROVISIONAL MEASURES
Meaning, purpose and requirements
The purpose of provisional measures is to prevent a right sought to be acknowledged –through the proceedings whereby the measure is granted- from ceasing to be effective during the period that extends from the commencement of such proceedings until the entry of final judgment.
Their admissibility is contingent on two basic requirements: the “likelihood of success on the merits” or fumus boni iuris of the petitioner’s claim, which must arise prima facie from the petition, and the “risk inherent in delay”. The latter requirement goes to the essence of provisional measures since, as noted above, their purpose is to prevent the passage of time from negatively affecting a ruling’s enforceability.
Moreover, the plaintiff is required to post a bond in order to place the parties on an equal footing since it offsets the defendant’s lack of opportunity to be heard at the beginning of the proceedings. This requirement may be fulfilled through a property-backed security, a personal guarantee or, in certain cases, the petitioner’s oath. It must cover the potential damage resulting from the granting of a provisional measure which lacks legal basis. However, the bond need not cover the sum of money for which the measure has been granted (for example, an attachment or garnishment) nor need it be equal to the amount at stake.
Law No. 26.854
Enacted on April 24, 2013. Signed into law on April 29, 2013
Title I
Provisional measures requested in proceedings in which the government is involved as a party or otherwise.
(…)
SECTION 2. Provisional measures granted by a court lacking jurisdiction.
1. The court shall, in ruling upon the granting of provisional measure, declare whether it has jurisdiction to hear the case, if it has not done so before. The court has to refrain from granting a provisional measure if it lacks jurisdiction.
2. A provisional measure granted against the government or its decentralized entities by a court that lacks jurisdiction shall only be effective when granted to protect socially vulnerable groups which are identified as such in the proceedings, or if the petitioner’s right to live a decent life (as defined in the American Convention of Human Rights) is threatened. It shall also be effective if the petitioner’s right to health is threatened or if an environmental right or benefits in the nature of alimony and support are at risk.
(…)
SECTION 5. Duration of provisional measures granted against the Government.
In granting a provisional measure, and under penalty of such measure being otherwise void, the court shall set a reasonable time limit for its duration, which shall not be greater than six (6) months. In exceptionally speedy trials for the cognizance and disposition of a case, and actions seeking writs for the protection of constitutional rights (amparo), the provisional measure shall not remain effective for more than three (3) months.
The former requirement shall be waived any time that provisional measures are sought to protect the rights listed in Section 2, Subsection 2. (…)
RELEVANT CASE-LAW
“It is proper to grant the provisional measure requested (suspension of lease payments), the likelihood of success on the merits having been in principle admitted by the trial court; and also taking into account that the requested measure would operate as what has come to be known as medida cautelar innovativa (“mandatory injunction”) in the legal literature, rather than as a prohibitory injunction in the strict sense.”
(Local Civil Court of Appeals in and for the City of Buenos Aires, Panel F, December 7th, 1990. Seery, Daniel V. City of Buenos Aires.)
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Graduate diploma - University of Buenos Aires
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Years of experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2016.
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