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Sample translations submitted: 1
Portuguese to English: EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE ASSOCIATED TO DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES EXPOSURE ON EMPHYSEMA DEVELOPMENT General field: Science Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Source text - Portuguese A fumaça de cigarro (FC) é a principal causa da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC), e a poluição atmosférica é considerada um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento, exacerbação e mortalidade da doença, no entanto, esta associação ainda permanece pouco conhecida. Nós avaliamos os efeitos da FC associada à exposição material particulado resultante da queima do diesel (do inglês "diesel exhausted particle" - DEP) no desenvolvimento do enfisema pulmonar durante 1, 3 e 6 meses. Os camundongos foram divididos em quatro grupos: 1) veículo (V) (NaCl 0,9%); 2) DEP (30µg DEP em 10µL NaCl 0,9%/dia, 5 dias/semana); 3) FC (expostos à FC 30 minutos/dia, 5 dias/semana); e 4) o grupo DEP (5 dias/semana) + FC (30 minutos/dia, 5 dias/semana). Avaliamos a mecânica respiratória: resistência (Rrs) e elastância (Ers); células inflamatórias no lavado broncoalveolar (LBA); intercepto linear médio (Lm) e morfometria e remodelamento: edema peribroncovascular, MMP12, Mac-2, elastina, colágeno I e colágeno III. Houve um aumento significativo na resistência das vias aéreas em FC e DEP+FC, comparados ao grupo V em 6 meses (p≤0.001). Observamos aumento do Lm após 6 meses nos grupos FC, DEP e DEP+FC (p≤0.001), comparados ao grupo V. O número total de células no LBA aumentaram após 3 meses de exposição à FC, e após 6 meses à exposição de FC ou DEP. No entanto, houve diminuição de células em DEP+FC (p≤0.001), após 6 meses de exposição, comparado ao V. As células polimorfonucleares nas vias aéreas aumentaram após 3 e 6 meses, principalmente nos grupos DEP e DEP+FC.
Translation - English Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and air pollution is a risk factor in the development, exacerbation and mortality of this disease but this association is yet little understood. We evaluated the effects of CS associated to exposure to diesel exhaust particle (DEP) on emphysema development at 1, 3 and 6 months. Mice were divided into four groups: 1) vehicle (V) (NaCl 0.9%); 2) DEP (30 µg DEP in 10 µl NaCl 0.9%/day, 5 days/week); 3) CS (exposed to CS, 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week); and 4) group DEP (5 days/week) + CS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week). We evaluated respiratory mechanics: resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers); inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); mean linear intercept (Lm) and morphometry and remodeling: peribronchovascular edema, MMP12, Mac-2, elastin, collagen I and collagen III. There was a significant increase in airway resistance in CS and DEP+CS compared to group V at 6 months (p≤0.001). We observed an increase in Lm after 6 months in the CS, DEP and DEP+CS (p≤0.001) groups compared to group V. The total number of cells in BALF showed an increase at 3 months of CS exposure and at 6 months of CS or DEP exposure. However, there was a decrease at 6 months in DEP+CS (p≤0.001) compared to V. Polimorphonuclear cells in airways were increased after 3 and 6 months mainly in the DEP and DEP+CS groups.
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Years of experience: 7. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2017.
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Illustrator, Frontpage, Google Translator Toolkit, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Image Pro Plus, Sigma Stat, Pagemaker, Powerpoint
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