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Japanese to English: In order to academically investigate "Hate Speech". General field: Social Sciences
Translation - English How will the approval or disapproval of hate speech laws
be decided?
Waseda University Professor Masaru Kohno
Doshisha University Professor Yoshitaka Nishizawa
In order to academically investigate "Hate Speech".
Hate Speech is making distinctions between minority groups and others, instigating discrimination or violence, showing contempt for others or using contemptible phrases against specific minority groups, namely based on race, ethnic group, political
philosophy, sexual preference or position in society.
Japan has been exposed to criticism from the International community for not sufficiently dealing with hate speech, however, in 2016 the so-called "Hate Speech provision law" (Officially titled "The Hate Speech Act of 2016") was enacted. In opposition to Government regulation of hate speech, there is a deeply rooted worry that it will infringe on the right to free speech established in the constitution. On the other hand, there has been criticism that the above-mentioned provision is no more than "thought policing" because it isn't
a prohibitive law or penal regulation, as an official regulation it is insufficient. In truth, since the enforcement of the current laws, although it is seen that each municipality use them as grounds to confront hate speech demonstrations on its roads and in its parks with a strong presence, there aren't signs that online hate speech will be resolved, it is still continuing to spread. Although it is enacted as law, it ought to be referred to as Japan being on the way to shaping new national norms.
Our research group, seizing this timing, is advancing an academic project in order to more deeply understand whether Japanese people think discrimination or verbal abuse should be regulated (or should not be regulated), also what their reasoning is. Specifically, scientific research funding is received from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, utilizing "Survey Research" as the method, dealing with clarifying from various angles the mechanism of determining attitudes of various people on hate speech. The survey research entails incorporating experimental elements into a large scale investigation into public opinion, an approach attempting to identify the primary factors causing differences to arise in people's actions or attitudes. Discussions regarding hate speech and the exchanging of views around it are, because of the contents and themes, prone to emotion and sentimentality, there is a danger that it will be accompanied by inflammatory rhetoric. For that very reason, keeping in mind the importance of carrying out an academic investigation from a standpoint of impartiality throughout, we would like to go on to state an objective interpretation of the data we have gathered.
Beforehand, let's state the outline and points of attention of the survey we held. This investigation, with the cooperation of Nikkei Research, was implemented through the Internet from the 20th to the 28th of March last year with approximately 5,000 respondents aged from 20 to 60. A sample size of 5,000 people for this kind of academic investigation is exceptionally large, the sample group of our investigation is divided into multiple groups, one part of
the wording of various texts were changed and participants were asked to answer questions according to the experiment’s design, in order to statistically analyse the divided
sample groups it was necessary to ensure there were sufficient answers. However, limited by being carried out on the web, however many respondents cooperate we cannot guarantee representativeness, that is to say sampling a microcosm of the whole nation. This investigation sampled respondents in accordance with Japan’s population distribution regarding gender, age and area of residence, however, people over 70 years old have not been included, also, it goes without saying that respondents are limited to those who can access the internet. However, while also
paying attention to this point, taking into consideration there are no other large scale public investigations which narrowed its focus on hate speech, we think we will offer valuable data regarding the opinions and attitudes people hold regarding hate speech in present day Japan. The indications gained from the analysis of the data is organized into 4 sections shown below.
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