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Sample translations submitted: 1
English to Nepali: Democracy and Education
Source text - English 1. Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable
distinction between living and inanimate things is that
the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when
struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of
the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the
stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the
blow a contributing factor to its own continued action.
While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior
force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act
upon it into means of its own further existence. If it
cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at
least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as
a living thing.
As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding
energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture,
and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say
that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As
long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding
the word “control” in this sense, it may be said that a
living being is one that subjugates and controls for its
own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through
action upon the environment.
In all the higher forms this process cannot be kept up
indefinitely. After a while they succumb; they die. The
creature is not equal to the task of indefinite self-re
Translation - Nepali शिक्षा जीवनको अनिवार्यता
जीवित र निर्जिव वस्तु बीचको सबैभन्दा टड्कारो फरक के हो भने जीवत बस्तुले आफुलाई नविकरण गर्दै जीवनलाई कायम राख्छ । एउटा ढुङ्गामाथि प्रहार गर्दा यसले प्रतिरोध गर्छ । यदि यसको प्रतिरोध प्रहारभन्दा ज्यादा छ भने बाहिरीरूपमा यो अपरिवर्तित रहन्छ । अन्यथा यो टुक्रा टुक्रा हुन्छ । त्यो ढुङ्गाले त्यो प्रहार विरुद्ध आफ्नो अस्तित्वलाई कायम राख्न कहिल्यै कुनै प्रतिक्रियाको प्रयास गर्दैन, प्रहारलाई यसको आफ्नै निरन्तर क्रियाको लागि योगदान दिने कारणको रुपमा त झनै देखिंदैन । सम्भवतः एउटा जीवित वस्तुलाई अलिक ठूलो बलले पनि सजिलै सिध्याउन सकिन्छ, तथापी यसले आफूमाथि प्रहार भएको शक्तिलाई आफ्नो थप अस्तित्वलाई कायम राख्ने माध्यमको रुपमा परिणत गर्छ । यदि यस्तो हुन सकेन भने यो टुक्रने मात्रै हैन (कम्तिमा जीवनको उच्चतर रुपमा ) यसले जीवित वस्तुको रुपमा आफ्नो अस्तित्व नै गुमाउछ ।
जति सक्दो जीवित वस्तुले आफ्नो वरपरका शक्तिहरूलाई आफ्नै निम्ति प्रयोग गर्न संघर्ष गर्छन् । तिनीहरुले प्रकाश, हावा, आर्द्रता र माटोका तत्वहरूलाई प्रयोगमा ल्याउँछन् । यसको तात्पर्य तिनले ति चिजहरूलाई आफ्नै संरक्षणको साधन बनाउँछन् । यो वृद्धि हुँदासम्ममा त्यसका निम्ति आफ्नो वातावरणलाई प्रयोग गर्न यसले खर्च गर्ने शक्ति यसले क्षतिपूर्तीको रुपमा प्राप्त गर्ने परिणामभन्दा बेसी हुन्छ ; यो वृद्धि हुन्छ ।‘ नियन्त्रण’ भन्ने शब्दलाई यस अर्थमा बुझ्दा यो पनि भन्न सकिन्छ कि जीवित प्राणी त्यो हो जसले आफ्नै निरन्तर कृयाकलापको लागि शक्तिलाई आफ्नो वसमा र नियन्त्रणमा राख्न सक्छ, अन्यथा यो खर्चिएर सिध्दिन्थ्यो । जीवन वातावरण माथिको क्रिया द्वारा स्वतः नविकरण हुने प्रक्रिया हो ।
हरेक उच्च रुपमा यो प्रक्रियालाई चिरकालसम्म कायम राख्न सकिदैन । केहिकालमा यसले समर्पण गर्छ , यसको अन्त्य हुन्छ । अनन्तकालसम्म स्वतः नविकरण हुने कार्यसँग कुनै प्राणी समान हुँदैन । तर जीवनको निरन्तरताको प्रक्रिया एक व्यक्तिको आयु बढाउनमा निर्भर हुँदैन । प्रजननको माध्यम द्वारा जीवनका अन्य रुपहरू क्रमिकरुपमा निरन्तर चलिरहन्छ । तथापी पनि केवल एउटा प्राणी मात्र हैन कि पुरै प्रजाती नै पनि लोप भएर जाने र जीवन प्रक्रिया अझ जटिलरुपमा कायम रहने तथ्य हाम्रो भौगर्भिक रेकर्डले देखाउछ । जब केहि प्रजातिहरू लोप हुन्छन् , प्रतिकुल वातावरणसँग संघर्ष गर्दै त्यसमा समाहित हुने प्रजाती अझ सबलरुपमा अस्तित्वमा आउँछन् । जीवनको निरन्तरताको अर्थ जीवित प्राणीको आवश्यकता अनुरुप वातावरणलाई अनवरतरुपमा समाहित गर्दै लैजानु हो ।
अहिलेसम्म हामीले चर्चा गरेको जीवन केवल एक निकृष्ट अर्थमा हो-एउटा भौतिक वस्तुको रुपमा । तर हामी ‘जीवन’ शब्दलाई हाम्रो सम्पूर्ण व्यक्तिगत तथा जातिय अनुभवलाई बुझाउन प्रयोग गर्छौं । जब हामी ‘लिंकनको जीवन’ को अध्ययन गर्छौं यस भित्र हामी शारिरिक चर्चाको आशा गर्दैनौ । हामी यस भित्र सामाजिक परिघटना, अतितका परिवेश, पारिवारिक पेशा तथा अवश्था, चारित्रिक विकासमा भूमिका खेल्ने प्रमुख घटनाहरू, सांकेतिक संघर्षहरू तथा सफलता, वैयक्तिक अपेक्षा, रहर, खुसी र पिडाहरुको व्याख्याको अपेक्षा गर्छौं । ठीक उस्तै शैलीमा हामी एउटा असभ्य जाती, एथेन्सका मानिसहरू, अमेरिकी राज्य, आदिको को चर्चा गर्छौं ।
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Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2020.
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Bio
I have done masters in English literature and Sociology. I started my writing career as a reporter in Navavyas Bani and developed myself to be the editor of the paper in 1996. I do a lot of reading in different subjects and have written news articles, stories, essays and different type of business materials both English and Nepali I began my translation first from Shree Sadhak Shanti Sandeshdhara and have now had 15 years of translation In English and Nepali. I have edited English and Nepali texts. I have particular interest in translation from English to Nepal and vice versa and preparing reports, proposals and writing scripts.
Keywords: English, Nepali, report, social research, business materials