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English to Portuguese: LIQUID WATER MAY EXIST BENEATH MARS’ SOUTH POLAR ICE CAP Detailed field: Astronomy & Space
Source text - English Bright reflections detected in 2018 by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) radar
instrument on the European Space Agency‘s (ESA) Mars Express orbiter could indicate the presence of liquid water
lakes around 0.93 miles (1.5 kilometers) beneath Mars south polar ice cap, according to a study published in the
journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
A team of researchers based at Roma Tre University in Italy studied the reflections of radio waves bounced back from
Mars’ south polar surface to the instrument’s 130-foot antenna and determined the signals were too strong and bright
to be generated by ice and rock. The latter produce only weak signals when radio waves are bounced off them.
The strength of the signal matched that produced by liquid water close to the surface.
Liquid water can exist in temperatures far below water’s freezing point within salty brines or clay, as occurs beneath
Earth’s poles. To support their conclusion, the researchers conducted laboratory simulations and reviewed existing data.
They also consulted David Stillman of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), a geophysicist who specializes in studying
substances in extremely cold temperatures.
“Lakes of liquid water actually exist beneath glaciers in Arctic and Antarctic regions, so we have Earth analogs for finding
liquid water below ice,” Stillman said. “The exotic salts that we know exist on Mars have amazing ‘antifreeze’ properties
allowing brines to remain liquid down to minus 103 degrees Fahrenheit. We studied these salts in our lab to understand
how they would respond to radar.”
Ancient Mars did have liquid water on its surface, and subsurface water could be its remnants.
Because temperatures beneath Mars’ south polar cap are much colder than that at which water freezes, some
scientists question the research team’s conclusion and attribute the bright radar signals to other substances, such as
hydrated brines and clay.
In a separate paper published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, Nathaniel Putzig of the Planetary Science
Institute (PSI) said, “It is not necessary to invoke liquid water at the base of the polar cap to explain the results of
the MARSIS observations. Alternatives include clays, some metallic minerals, and salty ice.”
To support the researchers, Stillman turned to a laboratory experiment in which he studied perchlorate brines similar to
those known to exist beneath Mars’ south pole under a simulated Mars environment.
“My Italian colleagues reached out to see if my laboratory experiment data would support the presence of liquid water
beneath the Martian ice cap,” Stillman said. “The research showed that we don’t have to have lakes of perchlorate and
chloride brines, but that these brines could exist between the grains of ice or sediments and are enough to exhibit a
strong, dielectric (insulating) response. This is similar to how seawater saturates grains of sand at the shoreline or how
flavoring permeates a slushie but at minus 103 degrees Fahrenheit near the south pole of Mars.”
Even if liquid water is present beneath Mars’ south pole, the extremely cold temperatures make this region
uninhabitable for life.
Translation - Portuguese Reflexões brilhosas detectadas em 2018 pelo radar avançado de marte para sondagem no
subsolo e na ionosfera(MARSIS) um instrumento radar na agencia espacial europeia (ESA)
Mars Express orbiter poderia indicar a presença de lagos de agua liquida por volta de 0.93
milhas (1.5 quilômetros) debaixo da calota no polo sul, de acordo com um estudo publicado no
jornal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
Um time de pesquisadores sediados na Roma Tre University na Itália estudou as reflexões de
ondas de rádio voltadas da superfície do polo sul de marte para a antena de 130 pés e
determinaram que os sinais eram muito forte e brilhante para ser produzido por uma pedra de
gelo. O ultimo produziu apenas sinais fracos de ondas de radio refletidas deles.
A força do sinal correspondeu aos produzidos por agua liquida próxima a superfície.
Água liquida pode existir em temperaturas bem abaixo ao ponto de fusão da água dentre
salmouras ou argila, como ocorre debaixo dos polos terrestres. Para apoiar as suas conclusões,
os pesquisadores conduziram simulações de laboratório e revisaram informações existentes.
Eles também consultaram David Stillman do Instituto de pesquisa do sudoeste (SwRI), um
geofísico especializado em estudar substâncias em temperaturas de extremo frio.
“Lagos de água líquida existem debaixo de geleiras no Artico e nas regiões do antártica
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We are a group of 3 students from Brazil, José Paulo, Arthur Feitosa and Laura Luiza, that are trying to improve our abilities, while making a profit and learning about freelancing, we have experience on the technological field from making some translations for NASA's website and we´re expecting to make a immersive course on Kennedy Space Center by the end of 2022.
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