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Source text - English Epson Rebounds with New ‘Ultra Hi-Definition’ Ink Jets
Highlights
• Epson unveils eight new consumer ink jet products, three of which use the firm’s new Claria ink and redesigned print heads, resulting in significantly improved print speeds.
• The introduction of dye-based Claria inks means Epson now has three different ink formulations for its ink jet printers: DuraBrite Ultra inks for everyday use, Claria inks for home photo printing, and UltraChrome inks for professional photographers and photo enthusiasts.
• Epson’s three new PictureMate products, the PictureMate Pal 200, PictureMate Snap 240, and PictureMate Flash 280, all use a variation of the Claria inks and replace the firm’s popular PictureMate Express in time for holiday sales.
In three separate announcements on August 28, August 29, and September 6, Epson gave its consumer ink jet portfolio a much-anticipated tune-up by introducing eight new models, including two single-function printers, three MFPs, and three dedicated snapshot photo printers.
Three of the new products—the single-function Stylus Photo R260 and Stylus Photo R380 and the multifunction Stylus Photo RX580—replace older models and use newly formulated Claria inks and redesigned print heads, ushering in what Epson calls “a new era of Ultra Hi-Definition printing.” The Stylus CX5000 and CX6000, which the firm has dubbed “More-In-Ones,” do not use the new ink and are additions to the product line. (See the table on page 42 for more product details.) Rounding out the announcements are the PictureMate Pal 200, PictureMate Snap 240, and PictureMate Flash 280, all of which use a variation of the new Claria inks and new print heads. (See the table on page 43 for more product details.) All of Epson’s new ink jets are currently available at major computer and electronics superstores, with the exception of the Stylus Photo R380 and RX580, which are scheduled for an October release.
Epson’s consumer ink jet line has grown stale over the past two years as, until now, the company has announced only basic product updates. After Epson reported a disappointing first quarter, a Reuters article quoted Seiko Epson President Seiji Hanaoka as saying, “In the United States and Europe, we are going to streamline our product lineup [to phase out] models that don’t use a lot of ink or don’t have heavy print volumes” (Observer, 8/06). Hanaoka admitted that Epson stumbled last year because it was unable to adapt to the rapidly changing marketplace, but he pledged that the company would develop competitive technologies moving forward. The firm’s latest product announcement is a strong step in that direction.
While Epson’s ink jet lineup languished, competitors such as Canon, HP, and Lexmark improved their monochrome print speeds to more than 30 ppm while adding features and lowering prices. Until its most recent product launch, Epson ink jets offered maximum monochrome print speeds of around 20 ppm and equally slow 4 × 6-inch photo-printing speeds. The company’s new ink jet devices, and in particular its Ultra Hi-Definition models, catapult the company out from dead last behind many of its rivals to place it in a stronger competitive position.
“Just as high-definition created a new standard in consumer video, Epson has raised the bar once again for consumers who are demanding professional photo-quality output in an affordable home printer,” said Steve Semos, product manager for Epson, when the products were announced. “We’ve taken our experience in the professional photography market and incorporated many of those attributes into our new Ultra Hi-Definition products with Claria ink to create the best consumer photo printers on the market, bar none.”
Claria Ink
Along with hardware revenue woes, Epson has watched profits from sales of consumables decline due to competitive pressure from the aftermarket. The company is working to protect its consumable annuities by stepping up its efforts to safeguard its intellectual property and taking legal action to stop the import and sale of patent-infringing products. The company is also working on improved ink formulations that it hopes will more strongly differentiate its consumables from those sold by third-party supplies vendors.
Single-Function Printers
In keeping with Epson’s plan to invest fewer resources in its low-end, low-volume ink jet printer business, there is not a sub-$100 general-purpose ink jet to be found among the firm’s new products. The firm’s two new single-function models, the Stylus Photo R260 and R380, are priced at $129 and $199, respectively, and replace the $99 Stylus Photo R220 and the $179 Stylus Photo R340. Thus, Epson is actually increasing the pricing of its single-function ink jet printers by $20. The Stylus Photo R260 and R380 use the new six-color Claria ink set and have the word photo right in their names, so it is clear that Epson expects photo printing to be a primary function of its new single-function ink jets. Last year, the company announced a new general-purpose single-function ink jet printer, the Stylus C88, which was essentially a version of the older Stylus C86 that had been updated to use the firm’s DuraBrite Ultra ink. This year, Epson has announced no general-purpose ink jet printers—a clear indication that the firm intends to minimize its investment in this low-margin market segment.
Ultra Hi-Definition MFP
Epson introduced one MFP that uses its new Ultra Hi-Definition technology—the Stylus Photo RX580. With a monochrome and color print speed of 30 ppm and a 32-second photo-printing speed (in normal mode), the RX580 is Epson’s most competitive photo-specialty ink jet MFP in quite some time (see table at bottom of page 45). The RX580 replaces the Stylus Photo RX620, which printed monochrome pages at 17 ppm and color pages at 16 ppm and had 4 × 6-inch photo-printing speed of 39 seconds in normal mode. The RX580 uses the six-color Claria ink set, has a 1.5-picoliter drop size, offers memory-card slots, and sports a 2.5-inch LCD screen. The RX580 also includes software that allows customers to restore faded photos and create customized photo greeting cards.
Nozzle Numbers
The Stylus Photo RX580, like all of Epson’s new Ultra-Hi-Definition devices, has a total nozzle count of 540 with 90 nozzles for each of the six colors. This might seem a paltry number compared with the 3,584 nozzles found on the Canon PIXMA MP600 or the HP Photosmart C5180’s 3,900 nozzles, but Epson says its MicroPiezo print heads do not require as high a nozzle count as thermal print heads in order to create high-quality photos.
More-In-Ones
Epson did not deploy its Ultra Hi-Definition technology in all its new ink jet devices, however. The company announced the Stylus CX5000 and CX6000, two new ink jet MFPs that use Epson’s DuraBrite Ultra ink and are positioned as solutions for everyday printing in the home or office. Epson dubbed the two new models “More-In-Ones,” claiming that these products “offer more unique features than any other all-in-ones priced less than $150.” The Stylus CX5000 and CX6000 are priced at $99 and $149, respectively. The CX500 is Epson’s first $99 ink jet MFP. Although Epson is determined to move away from low-end models, the $99 ink jet MFP category has proven popular and an MFP’s additional functionality provides the increased ink usage that the firm is targeting with its new products.
Snapshot Photo Printers
Epson is revamping its PictureMate line with the introduction of the PictureMate Pal 200, the PictureMate Snap 240, and the PictureMate Flash 280. The new printers replace the PictureMate Express, although the PictureMate Deluxe will remain in the company’s product line. According to Grace Huang, an Epson product manager for consumer imaging products, the company decided to redesign the PictureMate Express based on customer feedback. “We went out and found a designer who would redesign [the printers] from scratch. We did a ton of research to find out what customers wanted and designed the printers with a lot of ease-of-use improvements.”
Our View
Epson appears to be making good on its claim that it will abandon less profitable devices in an effort to regain its footing in the ink jet space. The firm has been hit hard recently by falling hardware prices, so it is not surprising to see the company phase out lower-priced units in favor of higher-priced models. Epson may have a problem, however, if competitors continue to add features to machines at lower price points. This trend will make Epson’s hardware less attractive, with higher prices and fewer additional features than competing models.
Epson’s new consumer ink jet products are evidence that the company is focusing on photo applications, and, toward that end, the company is doing an excellent job of helping customers find ways to do more with their printers and MFPs. Including photo-correction software and decorative borders is one way to encourage more photo printing, and the firm’s Creative Zone Web site is another tool that the company is using to help customers print pages with high ink coverage such as scrapbooks, photo books, greeting cards, and children’s games.
Epson’s Ultra Hi-Definition technology gives the company’s products more of a competitive edge when compared with products that use HP’s SPT and Canon’s FINE technologies. The challenge Epson faces now is getting out the message that it can do more with less—nozzles that is. Both Canon and HP proudly tout higher nozzle counts as one of the benefits of their new imaging devices, claiming that more nozzles provide improved image quality and faster print speeds. Epson says its combination of precisely constructed print heads and sophisticated ink formulations allow its ink jet devices to print higher-quality images with fewer nozzles and without sacrificing speed. Now the company needs to make sure consumers understand this message.
Source text - English These examples illustrate that the search for medicinal herbs was one of the motives for Von Siebold’s interest in the flora of Japan. The other motive was, of course his preference for studying natural history in general. The Swedish physician and naturalist Thunberg has already noted from the limited material he had collected, that the flora of Japan differed from that of Europe. Von Siebold was eager to continue and extend Thunberg’s work. Consequently, he collected as much material as possible in Nagasaki and its environs, and on the way to Edo. During the court journey he frequently encouraged scholars to collect rare plants. He was often busy classifying and drying botanical specimens late into the night. Von Siebold learned from this survey that plants frequently used by European doctors – such as valerian, China root, bark of the chestnut-tree, mint, fennel and calamus – were also present in Japan.
Ever since his arrival, Von Siebold had been corresponding with famous Japanese botanists such as Udagawa Yoan, Katsuragawa Hoken and Mizutani Sukeroku. He met these scholars during the court journey. Udagawa Yoan had been adopted by a famous Rangakusha family. In 1815, he compiled Dodonaeus meibutsuko (‘Famous ideas of Dodonaeus’), based on the classic, sixteenth-century book on botany by Rembertus Dodonaeus. A couple of years later, he introduced the modern Linnean classification with the Botanikakyo (‘Sutra of botany’). Yoan gave Von Siebold some dried plants when he visited him in Edo. In exchange, Von Siebold may have then given him Job Baster's Natuurkundige uitspanningen ('Physical excursions’), a book containing over four hundred drawings of plants and insects, which Yoan translated and published as Shokugaku keigen (1833). Von Siebold took Udagawa’s observations back to Holland for further study. Here he kept in his library three series of drawings and watercolours of plants made by Udagawa Yoan.
Translation - Japanese シーボルトが日本の植物相に関心を持った動機の１つは、これらの例でも分かるように、薬草の探究であった。もう１つの動機はもちろん、博物学一般に対するシーボルトの傾倒である。スウェーデンの医師で自然科学者カール・ペーテル・ツェンペリーはすでに、自分で収集した限られた材料から、日本の植物相はヨーロッパのそれとは違う、という印象を書き留めていた。シーボルトはこのツェンベリーの研究を継承し、発展させることに熱心だった。このため、長崎およびその周辺でも、あるいは江戸参府の途中でも、できるだけ多くの資料を収集した。また参府に随行した門人たちにも、途中で稀少植物を極力集めるようしばしば奨励した。この結果、シーボルトは、集まった植物標本の分類と乾燥に深夜まで忙殺された。こうした調査で、カノコソウやキナ根、栗の樹皮、ミント、フェネル、ショウブなど、ヨーロッパの医師によって多用される植物は、日本にも存在することが分かった。
シーボルトは着任以来絶えず、宇田川榕庵、桂川甫賢、水谷助六といった、日本ですでに名高い本草学者たちと連絡を取っており、江戸参府の旅を利用して、これらの学者たちと実際に会いもした。蘭学一家として著名な宇田川家に養子として迎えられていた宇田川榕庵は、1815年に、ランベルタス・ドドナスが16世紀に著した植物学の古典に基づいて、「遠西医方名物考」をまとめた。さらに2年後、榕庵は｢菩多尼訶経｣（ボタニカ経）で、近代的なリンネ式植物分類法を紹介した。また、榕庵は江戸にシーボルトを訪ねて、植物の乾燥標本を贈った。シーボルトはその返礼に、400種類を超える植物および昆虫の図版が網羅された、ヨブ・バステルの｢博物学逍遥｣（Natuurkundige uitspanningen）を与えた可能性がある。榕庵はのちにこれを翻訳し、｢植学啓原｣（1833）として出版した。シーボルトは、榕庵の観察記録を研究資料としてオランダへ持ち帰っている。宇田川榕庵の手になる植物の図と、水彩画で構成される3巻を、シーボルトは自分の蔵書として持っていた。
English to Japanese: sample03
Source text - English This Generic Requirements document (GR) contains the Telcordia view of physical design and manufacturing requirements applicable to products to be used in the delivery of telecommunications services by network operators. These include design, engineering, manufacturing, and workmanship requirements.
1.1 Reason for GR-78-CORE, Issue 2
GR-78-CORE, Issue 2, addresses the following issues:
. The industry position on the use of lead (Pb)-free solder has been stated.
. Allowance for alternative board finishes (such as immersion silver) have been identified.
. Minimum board insulation and lamination thicknesses have been reduced.
. Dimensional and plating limits for Plated Through Holes (PTHs) have been revised.
. Minimum fiber bend radius has been modified.
. Solder mask thickness specifications have been modified.
. Connector application criteria have been provided.
. Connector lubrication requirements have been revised.
. Via in pad has been permitted, and via dimensional requirements modified.
. Ongoing reliability methods have been emphasized over periodic requalification.
GR-78-CORE, Issue 2, completely replaces Issue 1, which was published by Telcordia in September 1997. The Issue 2 requirements begin at absolute requirement number [860].
1.2 Organization
This document is organized as follows:
. Section 2 . Generic requirements applicable to all products
. Section 3 . Generic requirements for materials and finishes
. Section 4 . Generic requirements for the use of separable connectors
. Section 5 . Information and generic requirements for the use of wire and cable
. Section 6 . Generic requirements for Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
. Section 7 . Generic requirements for PWB assembly
. Section 8 . Generic requirements for equipment sub-assemblies and assemblies
. Section 9 . Generic requirements for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) requirements for all new equipment assemblies and non-installed circuit packs
. Section 10 . Generic requirements for product identification and markings
. Section 11 . Generic requirements for packaging and shipping assemblies
. Section 12 . Generic requirements for repair and modification of customer return units
. Section 13 . Qualification test procedures
. Section 14 . Test and methods used to determine compliance to the generic criteria in this GR
. Appendix A: References . A list of documents cited in this GR and ordering information
. Appendix B: Acronyms and Glossary . A list of acronym and glossary definitions
. Appendix C: Deleted Requirements . A list of deleted requirements
. Requirement-Object Index . A list of all requirements in this GR.
Source text - English Solaris World
SolarisWorld is an area of the Linux filesystem containing the Solaris/SPARC binaries, common libraries and infrastructure files. Solaris applications should also be installed in this area.
On a standalone installation of QuickTransit, the Linux directory where the Solaris files are installed is configurable and is specified during the installation process. The default location for SolarisWorld (as created by the QuickTransit installation packages) is:
/solaris
If you are using the QuickTransit virtual appliance, this directory is already installed.
The convention is used in this document to represent the Linux directory where the Solaris files have been installed.
Transitive provide a set of Solaris/SPARC libraries and binaries that can be used to create a SolarisWorld. Alternatively a SolarisWorld can be created using Solaris/SPARC libraries and binaries obtained from third parties or from an existing Solaris distribution.
As described in “Virtual Solaris Environment：VSE” on page 12, Solaris/SPARC binaries are run within a VSE using the runsol command. For a Solaris application or shell running within a VSE, the accessible part of the Linux file system will be restricted to SolarisWorld. This is shown in the example below. The area ringed with a blue dashed line is ‘SolarisWorld’.
Translation - Japanese SolarisWorld
SolarisWorldは、Solaris/SPARCバイナリ、共通ライブラリ、インフラストラクチャーファイルを含むLinux ファイルシステムの1つの領域です。この領域には、Solarisアプリケーションもインストールする必要があります。
QuickTransitのスタンドアロンなインストールでは、SolarisファイルがインストールされるLinuxディレクトリを設定できるため、インストール処理中に指定します。SolarisWorldのデフォルトロケーションは、（QuickTransitインストールパッケージで作成されるとおり)次のディレクトリです。
/solaris
QuickTransitバーチャルアプライアンスを使用している場合、このディレクトリはすでにインストールされています。
凡例のは、本書ではSolarisファイルがインストールされたLinuxディレクトリを、示すために使用されます。
Transitiveは、SolarisWorldの作成に使用できるSolaris/SPARCライブラリとバイナリ一式を提供します。代わりに、サードパーティまたは既存のSolarisディストリビューションから取得した、Solaris/SPARCライブラリとバイナリによってSolarisWorldを作成できます。
12ページの「仮想Solaris環境(Virtual Solaris Environment：VSE)」で説明したように、Solaris/SPARCバイナリは、VSE内でrunsol コマンドによって実行されます。VSE内で実行するSolarisアプリケーションまたはシェルから、アクセスできるLinuxファイルシステムの領域は、SolarisWorldに限定されます。次に例を示します。この例では、青い点線で囲まれた領域が「SolarisWorld」です。
End clients for my English to Japanese translation works completed since 1994: NTT, SAIC, MIT Media Lab, COMPAQ, Panasonic, EMC, Quantel, Hakuhodo, The Europe Japan Center, Osaka Gas, CMR, TOYOTA, Motorola, Canon, CMR, Excalibur, Mastercam, EBU, Cisco Japan, SWOP, HP, SD Group, Kongsberg Simrad, Lyra Research, Lucent, SAMSUNG, Makai Ocean, Nokia, Borland, Hydralift, Kodak, ARCHIBUS, Avaya, Sun Microsystems, McAfee, ILOG, HP, Novell, Fujitsu, Telecordia, Transitive, Netsuite, etc.
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