English to Spanish Science Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng radicals

Saludos
De antemano gracias.

Carbon–Phosphorus Bond Cleavage Reactions
Organophosphonates used as pesticides, antibiotics, lubricants,
and flame retardants have a carbon-to-phosphorus
(C–P) bond, which does not undergo photochemical, hydrolytic,
thermal, or chemical degradation (Freedman and
Doak 1957). However, many organophosphonate compounds
do not persist in the environment because of microbial
degradation. Currently, it is believed that plants do
not possess the ability to break the C–P bond of organophosphonates,
and relatively little is known about fungal
organophosphonate metabolism (Bujacz et al. 1995; Sobera
et al. 1997; Zboinska et al. 1992). However, degradation of
C–P bonds has been extensively studied in bacteria. For
instance, a gene cluster designated phn, consisting of 17
genes from Escherichia coli, is responsible for the degradation
of a wide range of phosphonates and is likely to encode for
a C–P lyase (Chen et al. 1990; Kim et al. 1993; Metcalf
and Wanner 1991; Wackett et al. 1987; Wanner and Boline
1990; Wanner and McSharry 1982; Wanner and Metcalf
1992). The enzyme(s) responsible for direct cleavage of organophosphonate
C–P bonds is known by the general name
C–P lyase. The ability of C–P lyase to degrade a wide variety
of chemically diverse phosphonates is quite striking (Kafarski
et al. 2001). However, the precise mechanism of C–P
lyase is not fully understood. It is hypothesized that alkanephosphonate
biodegradation occurs by two different pathways
in which either organophosphonyl (Avila and Frost
1988; Cordeiro et al. 1986; Frost et al. 1987) or organophosphoranyl
(Avila and Frost 1989; Wanner and Boline
1990) radicals are formed.