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пласт

English translation: horizon

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
Russian term or phrase:пласт
English translation:horizon
Entered by: Alan Campbell

12:08 Dec 20, 2006
Russian to English translations [PRO]
Science - Archaeology / Palaeolithic stone technologies
Russian term or phrase: пласт
This is a tricky one. The original is in quotation marks, and is accompanied by "так называемых" - is this a borrowed term?

С 70х гг. центр внимания смещается в область выделения так называемых “пластов” - широких культурно-хронологических общностей нижнего и среднего палеолита и решения связанных с изучением данных памятников геоархеологических проблем.
Alan Campbell
Local time: 17:50
horizon
Explanation:
That's it. The first meaning of Russian "пласт" is layer or strata but these words can be easily confused in archaeological context.

And "так называемый" means 'so-called'.
So the text in fact says that from 1970s the focus shifted to marking out the so-called 'horizons', vast cultural and chronological uniformities of Lower and Middle Paleolithic etc.

http://www.dacc.cc.il.us/~thynes/Lecture3a.htm

Archaeological data from each site were organized in terms of their chronological age (determined through seriation studies or via the principle of superposition) and their geographical location (their spatial position in relation other artifacts, etc.; see Fig. 3.1). Comparisons across sites provided the means to develop a larger, more regional perspective, with cultural sequences divided into periods or phases, with these phases connected across sites in a region through their shared attributes or patterns to form culture areas called time-space grids; see Fig. 3.3). The concepts tradition and horizon were adopted to standardize the models produced using this approach, where tradition referred to cultural continuity through time, and horizon was cultural uniformity at a specific point in time (Fig. 3.3a).

Please, also see the article below:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_horizon

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Note added at 2 hrs (2006-12-20 14:34:51 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Alan, the problem is that it looks like you need one word to render both Russian 'пласт' and cultural uniformity, which I agree is quite a tricky thing. Horizon is both archaelogical and cultural and IMHO fits this criterion and I doubt that 'layer', 'stratum' or 'seam' do. Wikipedia says horizon may be used in many ways. If you put it in brackets like it is in the source text then it would be a clearly different thing from 'horizon' as 'горизонт'.



Please, see more links:

http://www.cr.nps.gov/archeology/AforI/howfig_rel5.htm

A horizon involves ties and uniformity across space at a single point in time (Ashmore and Sharer 1996:41). In archeology, a horizon is a pattern characterized by widespread distribution of a complex of cultural traits that lasts a relatively short time.

http://www.wsu.edu/~anauman/Anth 230/Lectures/Lecture 18- 19...
Horizon— primarily spatial continuity represented by cultural traits and assemblages whose nature and mode of occurrence permit the assumption of a broad and rapid spread. Horizon deals with ties and uniformity across space in a relatively restricted span of time.

Мультитран:

пласт сущ.

геофиз. geologic horizon; slab; horizon (А.Череповский, словарь по прикладной геофизике, 1998 г.)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 дн22 час (2006-12-23 10:25:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Just realized it, quotation marks, of course, not brackets:) Sorry for that mistake...:)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 дн22 час (2006-12-23 10:41:06 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------

Thanks again:)
Selected response from:

Dmitry Venyavkin
Local time: 19:50
Grading comment
Thank you for such a comprehensive answer.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +2horizon
Dmitry Venyavkin
4 +1strata
Ravindra Godbole
3 +1layer
Yavor Dimitrov


Discussion entries: 1





  

Answers


36 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5 peer agreement (net): +1
layer


Explanation:
.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 38 mins (2006-12-20 12:47:18 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

... the so-called 'layers' ...

Yavor Dimitrov
Bulgaria
Local time: 19:50
Native speaker of: Native in BulgarianBulgarian

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Irene N: In archaeology context - definitely. http://www.oldstoneage.com/montetwhite/introduction_2frame.h... for example
10 hrs
  -> Thank you, IreneN.
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38 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
strata


Explanation:
--

Ravindra Godbole
India
Local time: 22:20
Native speaker of: Native in MarathiMarathi, Native in EnglishEnglish

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Dennis Schedrivy: rather say stratum
5 mins
neutral  Dmitry Venyavkin: The central meaning of the word 'stratum' in archaeology is different (Please, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum). Using it in this context may give rise to confusion.
18 mins
neutral  Alexander Demyanov: Stratum: http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/glossary.html//On second thought (i.e. after reading the Russian explanation of "пласт"), "stratum" is hardly it.
57 mins
neutral  Christina Keating (X): stratum
11 hrs
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43 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +2
horizon


Explanation:
That's it. The first meaning of Russian "пласт" is layer or strata but these words can be easily confused in archaeological context.

And "так называемый" means 'so-called'.
So the text in fact says that from 1970s the focus shifted to marking out the so-called 'horizons', vast cultural and chronological uniformities of Lower and Middle Paleolithic etc.

http://www.dacc.cc.il.us/~thynes/Lecture3a.htm

Archaeological data from each site were organized in terms of their chronological age (determined through seriation studies or via the principle of superposition) and their geographical location (their spatial position in relation other artifacts, etc.; see Fig. 3.1). Comparisons across sites provided the means to develop a larger, more regional perspective, with cultural sequences divided into periods or phases, with these phases connected across sites in a region through their shared attributes or patterns to form culture areas called time-space grids; see Fig. 3.3). The concepts tradition and horizon were adopted to standardize the models produced using this approach, where tradition referred to cultural continuity through time, and horizon was cultural uniformity at a specific point in time (Fig. 3.3a).

Please, also see the article below:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_horizon

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2006-12-20 14:34:51 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Alan, the problem is that it looks like you need one word to render both Russian 'пласт' and cultural uniformity, which I agree is quite a tricky thing. Horizon is both archaelogical and cultural and IMHO fits this criterion and I doubt that 'layer', 'stratum' or 'seam' do. Wikipedia says horizon may be used in many ways. If you put it in brackets like it is in the source text then it would be a clearly different thing from 'horizon' as 'горизонт'.



Please, see more links:

http://www.cr.nps.gov/archeology/AforI/howfig_rel5.htm

A horizon involves ties and uniformity across space at a single point in time (Ashmore and Sharer 1996:41). In archeology, a horizon is a pattern characterized by widespread distribution of a complex of cultural traits that lasts a relatively short time.

http://www.wsu.edu/~anauman/Anth 230/Lectures/Lecture 18- 19...
Horizon— primarily spatial continuity represented by cultural traits and assemblages whose nature and mode of occurrence permit the assumption of a broad and rapid spread. Horizon deals with ties and uniformity across space in a relatively restricted span of time.

Мультитран:

пласт сущ.

геофиз. geologic horizon; slab; horizon (А.Череповский, словарь по прикладной геофизике, 1998 г.)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 дн22 час (2006-12-23 10:25:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Just realized it, quotation marks, of course, not brackets:) Sorry for that mistake...:)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 дн22 час (2006-12-23 10:41:06 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------

Thanks again:)

Dmitry Venyavkin
Local time: 19:50
Native speaker of: Russian
PRO pts in category: 12
Grading comment
Thank you for such a comprehensive answer.
Notes to answerer
Asker: Thanks so much for the comprehensive answer. It looks like horizon is the right term - I shall use that and put it into quotation marks.


Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Armen Hovhannisyan
5 mins
  -> Спасибо, Армен!
agree  Alexander Demyanov: If one is to believe Wikipedia, then "horizon" is different from "пласт"//My link is for stratUM. You're right: I missed the Russian explanation. But then "horizon" fits no better than "stratum".//Yes, it is very close to if not exactly "общность".
59 mins
  -> ....// Please, see the first link in my comment. A tricky question indeed.//Alexander, thanks for your opinion and a hot discussion:)
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