is what we called this when I was in elementary school (you had the one-times, two-times, three-times, etc. tables). The name comes from the drill used to learn the tables: 7 times 1 is 7, 7 times 2 is 14, 7 times 3 is 21, etc.

A mathematician would of course call it something else.

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Note added at 1 hr (2008-02-20 10:05:02 GMT)
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BTW this is US usage and (especially in light of what has happened in math instruction since I was a lad) may be outdated.

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Note added at 2 hrs (2008-02-20 11:09:27 GMT)
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Unless you need the specific emphasis, you can omit 'multiplication' here, and the tables for all the numbers (usually up to 12) are (were) collectively called the 'times tables'. A standard (and more or less unwelcome) question from teachers and parents was, 'Have your learned your times tables?'.