This is partly a guess, based on the assumption that this is in a specific accounting context, and that the company concerned is not a bank. On that basis, I don't think it can mean "interim claims", because that phrase (according to Google) is used almost exclusively in the insurance industry, and not elsewhere. So I don't think this means short term loans.
Also, the Swedish word "interim" is quite often translated (by FAR) differently, for example FAR's dictionary translates "interimistiska skulder" as "deferred liabilities." They do not specifically mention "interimsfordringar," but logically that should therefore be translated "accrued receivables." However, that does seem to be used mainly in America. But an English readership would certainly understand "accrued receivables" and that is at least closer to accounting terminology than anything with "interim". See ref. However, my confidence is only medium.