Glucose clamp techniques
The hyperglycemic clamp technique allows for the quantification of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose. The euglycemic clamp technique allows for the quantification of tissue sensitivity to insulin. The hyperglycemic clamp technique is considered the gold standard in assessing insulin secretion.

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Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp: The gold standard for evaluating insulin sensitivity, this "clamp" technique requires a steady IV infusion of insulin to be administered in one arm. The serum glucose level is "clamped" at a normal fasting concentration by administering a variable IV glucose infusion in the other arm. Numerous blood samplings are then taken to monitor serum glucose so that a steady "fasting" level can be maintained. (In theory, the IV insulin infusion should completely suppress hepatic glucose production and not interfere with the test's ability to determine how sensitive target tissues are to the hormone.) The degree of insulin resistance should be inversely proportional to the glucose uptake by target tissues during the procedure. In other words, the less glucose that's taken up by tissues during the procedure, the more insulin resistant a patient is.

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