Tarekat berasal dari thariqah yang makna harfiahnya adalah jalan.
Kebetulan saya temukan tautan tentang sufi terminologi di bawah.

See Howard M. Federspiel, 'A Dictionary of Indonesian Islam', Ohio University Center for International Studies, Monographs in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series No. 94, Athens, Ohio 1995, p. 265

Tarekat (from Arabic 'tariqah') were orders/brotherhoods of mystical practice, prominent in 19th C. Indonesia, with the Naqsyabandiyah, the Qadariyah and the Syathariyah being the major orders. They became less important with the rise of Islamic activity in the 20th C. which emphasized ritual regulated by jurisprudence and a stress on rational thinking.
ahli-ahli tarekat > people who follow the mystical way
gerakan tarekat > a mystical order of Islam
orde-orde tarekat > the mystical orders of Islam
tarekat Samaniyah > the Samaniyah mystical order

Tasawuf (from Arabic 'tasawwuf') is the mystical practice itself, generally governed by the concepts of several leading Islamic mystics and regulated by specific orders or brotherhoods (tarekat). Because mysticism of other religious traditions preceded Islam to Indonesia, there are a large number of heterodox movements in the country which either fail to qualify as Islamic mystical orders or only qualify partially. Islamic mysticism remains strong in rural areas.
Tasawuf Islam > Islamic mysticism
ahli tasawuf > mystics
amalan tasawuf > mystical practice
firqah tasawuf > the mystical grouping
hakikat tasawuf > the truth revealed through mysticism
ilmu tasawuf > the science of Islamic mysticism
pelajaran tasawuf > the teachings of mysticism
pembangunan tasawuf > mystical development
rumus-rumus tasawuf > mystical recitative formulas
soal tasawuf > the issue of the place of mysticism in Islam
unsur-unsur tasawuf > the basis of mysticism