Sep 23, 2005 01:09
19 yrs ago
English term
have been wrought
English
Social Sciences
Government / Politics
I need help understanding the sentence between asterisks. What is the meaning of "have been wrought" in this context? Many thanks :)
"I challenge you to name one account that recalls, for instance, that it was in the midst of oil frenzy in 1923 that the US first overtly entered the business of regime change, when a democratically recognized Navajo-Dine religious leadership refused to sign a contract with Standard Oil. It was at this moment (nearly simultaneous to US clandestine efforts to undermine the post-WWI nationalization of Iran’s oil industry) that the US unilaterally intervened, installed a new Navajo Council (that signed the Standard Oil contract), and established an interim constitutional regime. ***Out of this scene hundreds of native constitutional governments have been wrought across the US premised on a religious-secular divide***."
"I challenge you to name one account that recalls, for instance, that it was in the midst of oil frenzy in 1923 that the US first overtly entered the business of regime change, when a democratically recognized Navajo-Dine religious leadership refused to sign a contract with Standard Oil. It was at this moment (nearly simultaneous to US clandestine efforts to undermine the post-WWI nationalization of Iran’s oil industry) that the US unilaterally intervened, installed a new Navajo Council (that signed the Standard Oil contract), and established an interim constitutional regime. ***Out of this scene hundreds of native constitutional governments have been wrought across the US premised on a religious-secular divide***."
Responses
5 +3 | have been constructed | Michael Barnett |
5 +7 | have been created (also built, forged, etc.) | conejo |
5 +2 | have been formed | Espoc |
5 +1 | have been brought into being | Refugio |
Responses
+3
1 hr
Selected
have been constructed
The use of the word *wrought* here implies a degree of deliberation, implying that the councils are an artifical or unnatural creation.
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Note added at 1 hr 20 mins (2005-09-23 02:29:39 GMT)
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**fabricated* would be even better!
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Note added at 1 hr 20 mins (2005-09-23 02:29:50 GMT)
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**fabricated* would be even better!
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Note added at 1 hr 20 mins (2005-09-23 02:29:39 GMT)
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**fabricated* would be even better!
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Note added at 1 hr 20 mins (2005-09-23 02:29:50 GMT)
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**fabricated* would be even better!
Peer comment(s):
disagree |
Espoc
: governments are not cunstructed
1 hr
|
the nuance is that the government is illegitimate
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|
agree |
Rachel Fell
5 hrs
|
Thanks Rachel.
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|
agree |
Ken Cox
: agree that 'wrought', besides being rhetorical language, suggests a certain amount of artifice -- not so much 'unnatural' as formed for a specific or utilitarian purpose
9 hrs
|
Thanks Kenneth. I like that term "rhetorical". :-)
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|
agree |
Lucy Phillips
: also brings to mind the idea of something that is constructed slowly and painstakingly - I associate wrought with making something out of iron.
12 hrs
|
Thank you Lucy.
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|
agree |
Linda 969
: with Kenneth
2 days 16 hrs
|
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thanks everyone, especially to Ruth for the linguistic info"
+7
10 mins
have been created (also built, forged, etc.)
Basically it means "created".
Peer comment(s):
agree |
RHELLER
: yes - somewhat archaic-sounding
17 mins
|
Thanks, Rita.
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agree |
jennifer newsome (X)
22 mins
|
Thanks, Jennifer.
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agree |
Robert Kleemaier
2 hrs
|
Thanks
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agree |
Rachel Fell
6 hrs
|
Thanks.
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agree |
Bianca Jacobsohn
7 hrs
|
Thanks.
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agree |
Alfa Trans (X)
10 hrs
|
Thanks.
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agree |
transparx
2 days 1 hr
|
Thanks.
|
+2
2 hrs
have been formed
other possibilies: shaped, forged
+1
43 mins
have been brought into being
Wrought is an old form of the participle "worked", as in wrought iron. It also means "brought into being", and was quoted by Samuel Morse in his first telegraph message "What hath God wrought?", quoting Balaam in the King James version of the Bible.
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Note added at 4 hrs 29 mins (2005-09-23 05:38:57 GMT)
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have been crafted ... I do agree with Michael that there is an implication of an artificial creation.
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Note added at 4 hrs 29 mins (2005-09-23 05:38:57 GMT)
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have been crafted ... I do agree with Michael that there is an implication of an artificial creation.
Discussion