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inglês para português: Your Brain on Groups General field: Ciências Humanas Detailed field: Psicologia
Texto de origem - inglês Chapter 3
Your Brain on Groups
In 1970, Henri Tajfel published a paper with the anodyne title “Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination.” It would prove among the most important in social psychology, and even today, it stands as one of the most unnerving windows into the subroutines of the human mind.
Tajfel began by recalling a Slovene friend of his detailing the stereotypes his countrymen had for Bosnian immigrants.Tajfel doesn’t record what those stereotypes were, but they stuck with him.He thought he had heard them, or something like them, before.He decided to test his hunch.“Some time later I presented this description to a group of students at the University of Oxford and asked them to guess by whom it was used and to whom it referred,” he writes.“The almost unanimous reply was that this was the characterization applied by native Englishmen to ‘colored’ immigrants: people coming primarily from the West Indies, India and Pakistan.”
From this, Tajfel took a lesson.Discrimination varies in its targets and intensity across cultures, but it is surprisingly similar in its rationalizations.Perhaps, he thought, the way we treat people we decide aren’t like us isn’t a product of our speci^c culture or experience but something deeper, something that reflects how humans think, organize, and bound their social worlds.“The most important principle of the subjective social order we construct for ourselves is the classification of groups as ‘we’ and ‘they,’ ” he wrote, and once someone has become a “they,” we are used to dismissing them, competing against them, discriminating against them—and, Tajfel hypothesized in a particularly chilling sentence, we will do that “even if there is no reason for it in terms of [our] own interests.”
Tradução - português Capítulo 3
Seu Cérebro em Grupos
Em 1970, Henri Tajfel publicou um artigo com o título inócuo de “Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination”. Ele se tornaria um dos textos mais importantes em psicologia social e, ainda hoje, se mantém como uma das mais enervantes janelas para as subrotinas da mente humana.
Tajfel começou relembrando um amigo esloveno que detalhou os esteriótipos que seus compatriotas tinham por imigrantes bósnios. Tajfel não recorda quais eram tais estereótipos, mas eles o marcaram. Ele pensou já ter os visto, ou algo semelhante, antes. Decidiu então testar seu palpite. “Um tempo depois eu apresentei esta descrição para um grupo de estudantes na Universidade de Oxford e pedi para que eles descobrissem por quem foi usada, e a quem se referia”, ele escreve. “A resposta praticamente unânime foi de que isso era uma caracterização aplicada pelos ingleses nativos direcionada aos imigrantes ‘de cor’: pessoas vindo primariamente das Índias Ocidentais, Índia e Paquistão.”1
A partir disso, Tajfel aprendeu um novo conceito. A discriminação varia em seus alvos e intensidade através das culturas, mas é surpreendentemente similar em suas racionalizações. Talvez, ele pensou, a forma que tratamos as pessoas que decidimos não serem como nós não é um produto de nossa cultura ou experiência em específico, mas sim algo mais profundo, algo que reflete como humanos pensam, organizam e ligam seus mundos sociais. “O mais importante princípio da ordem social subjetiva que criamos para nós mesmos é a classificação de grupos como ‘nós’ e ‘eles’”, ele escreveu, e quando alguém se torna um “eles”, começamos a afastá-los, competir com eles, os discriminar—e, Tajfel hipotetizou em uma frase particularmente impactante, iremos fazer isto “mesmo que não haja nenhuma razão de [nosso] interesse”.
inglês para português: Plant-Animal Mutualistic Networks: The Architecture of Biodiversity General field: Ciência Detailed field: Meio ambiente e ecologia
Texto de origem - inglês Understanding interaction patterns from a biological perspective requires a combination of phylogenetic information and information on species’ ecological traits to estimate effects on associations (Ives & Godfray 2006). Phylogenetic signal is the tendency of species closer in the phylogeny to have similar network properties (Blomberg et al. 2003, Freckleton et al. 2002, Garland et al. 2005, Ives & Godfray 2006, Lewinsohn et al. 2005). For example, Figure 3a illustrates a case where phylogenetically related species tend to have the same number of interactions, whereas Figure 3b shows a scenario with no relationship between phylogenetic proximity and the number of interactions.
Tradução - português Entender padrões de interação de uma perspectiva biológica requere a combinação de informação filogenética e de características ecológicas da espécie para estimar os efeitos em associações (Ives & Godfray 2006). O sinal filogenético é a tendência de espécies próximas filogeneticamente serem mais semelhantes (Blomberg et al. 2003, Freckleton et al. 2002, Garland et al. 2005, Ives & Godfray 2006, Lewinsohn et al. 2005). Por exemplo, na Figura 3a se ilustra um caso onde espécies próximas filogeneticamente tendem a ter o mesmo número de interações, enquanto a Figura 3b mostra um cenário sem nenhuma relação entre proximidade filogenética e número de interações.
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Experiência
Anos de experiência em tradução: 3 Registrado no ProZ.com: Feb 2019. Tornou-se associado em: Nov 2023
Bachelor in Biology, graduated in 2017
(PUCRS), with a specialization degree in computational biology (UPF) and a master's in Cellular and Molecular Biology (UFRGS). Brazil
Scientific Mobility Program recipient during 2013-2014 at Missouri State
University in Springfield, MO. Extensive experience in the field of Biology and
research, being part of three publications during my time as a student,
actively working with writing, proofing, and reading texts thoroughly in
English. M.Sc in Cellular and Molecular Biology at the Federal University of
Rio Grande do Sul, focusing on bioinformatics analysis of microbial gene
expression. I recently started freelance translation work for companies like EQHO Localization, Best Easy, Alpha CRC, and Appen. I have also been
involved with volunteer work for Babelcube and video game localization for
Crowdin projects.
Areas of work
Experience in biological sciences in many
areas, such as zoology, ecology, botany, biochem,-tech, microbiology, and bioinformatics.
As a translator, my main goal is to work
and gather experience in video
game localization in the English to Brazilian Portuguese language
pair. While also working with different areas along the way, such as life sciences, comic
books, and communications.
The Difference
I have grown up surrounded by material in
English since a young age, which helped me significantly develop my language
knowledge. Most of what I consumed, from games to movies to comics, helped me immensely
to learn the language.
As my previous works in scientific
publications confirm, I am very experienced in writing in English. My skills
help significantly in translation from EN>PTBR. I will always strive to do
the best possible work for my clients.
I'm available whenever you
need me, seven days a week; feel free to contact me for your jobs when required.
Palavras-chave portuguese, english, video games, games, computers, technology, media, cinema, localization, translation. See more.portuguese, english, video games, games, computers, technology, media, cinema, localization, translation, proofing, biology, zoology, microbiology, genetics, botany, ecology, science, . See less.
Associado desde Nov '23
Especialização