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核子反应炉已出事，辐射已外泄，核子尘已飘了大半个地球，那些专家还说：这个问题需要专家来解决，不是核子工程师可以解决的。嗯，原来专家也还不是专家，翻译者也还不是翻译者。但奇怪，怎么每个人都那么喜欢当专家，每个翻译者往往都觉得自己的翻译实在“完美”、实在“无懈可击”。Such conditions like this 有那么严重吗？建议close the question ungraded，理由：not resolved；或随便选个答案，给个一分到四分，关闭问题就好。做翻译倒没有必要那么“颤巍巍”地。
@JY: 嗯嗯，由于身体不适的长期状态，感觉身体出了状况，等到发现疾病就有了有明显的症状；前头身体不适的状态和的感觉到的状况，都是主观的不明显的症状；到医院用仪器检查发现的疾病，那就是明显的症状。所以，前头的是condition，后头的是symptom? Now, we got here a real condition.
@LAI' AN: your pre-existing condition ismost used in the context of deciding the qualification of the patient to join a health insurance program, which simply means a chronic illness what would increase the medical cost. It has nothing to do with 疑难杂症。
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
08:25 Feb 20, 2008
嗯，像"disease or condition"这类的翻译问题，简单说，就是“解读上的一些疑难杂症”(pre-existing interpretational condition)，它们都是很难预先解读的字词，或者是些超出现有的翻译水平所能解读翻译的字词，比如涅槃或南无阿弥陀佛等。
I thought, a pregnant woman is in a condition of pregnancy, but not in a medical condition. Another question: Is immunocompromised 免疫受损 or 免疫功能受损 or what? I guess I'd better stop here least I could be "compromised" by what I've ever said or about to say!
处于“人类免疫缺陷病毒感染（HIV infection）状态”跟“获得性免疫缺陷综合征/艾滋病(AIDS)是两个相关而又区别的概念。通常而言，当受到“人类免疫缺陷病毒感染”后，人就处于“人类免疫缺陷病毒感染”状态,其免疫系统就会随着时间的增长而受到不同程度的，越来越严重的损坏，当受损达到一定程度，就导致综合征出现，就成了“获得性免疫缺陷综合征/艾滋病(AIDS)”。注意，免疫系统受损，在“感染状态”---〉发展---〉“艾滋病”这整个过程中，都是存在的，而且是越来越严重。因此，在初期处于“感染状态”的时候，免疫系统已经开始受到损害，此时，受损程度还没有达到导致出现“症状（symptom）”。那么，这个受感染者，是处于“感染状态”。还没有到达“艾滋病”的程度。 immunocompromised - 免疫受损 Reduced functioning of the immune system, usually as a result of a disease or condition such as HIV infection 免疫系统功能的减弱/降低，通常因疾病或疾病状态造成，例如人类免疫缺陷病毒感染状态。 （这个对“免疫受损”的解释，具体到“人类免疫缺陷病毒”方面而言，就把“人类免疫缺陷病毒感染状态”的任何一个时期中，不管是初期，还是末期（发展成艾滋病）中的免疫受损都包括进去了。） 如果把那个解释变为以下这种情形，所包含的意思就不完全了。请看： immunocompromised - 免疫受损 Reduced functioning of the immune system, usually as a result of a disease such as AIDS 免疫系统功能的减弱/降低，通常因疾病造成，例如“获得性免疫缺陷综合征/艾滋病(AIDS)” （这个解释，就漏掉了：人类免疫缺陷病毒感染状态的初期到AIDS阶段之间的，那些由于处于感染状态而导致的免疫系统受损。）
immunocompromised - 免疫受损 Reduced functioning of the immune system, usually as a result of a disease or condition such as HIV infection http://www.treathivglobally.ca/glossary/Glossary.asp?FirstLa... ************ To translate sth properly, there is a golden rule : always relying on the context. Above is the source link which contains this sentence. Thanks!
medical condition不总是表示“疾病状态”，只是问题中的那种情形下，是关于疾病状态的，所以，在整个句子的建议译文中，我用了“疾病状态”，以便跟前面的disease呼应。怀孕，属于一个medical condition（医护/医疗状态），它需要不同平常的照料。但是不属于疾病，除非出现了疾病。例如，高龄妊娠，就是一种特别要注意的“medical condition".
If someone is infected by 乙型肝炎病毒/hepatitis B virus, as a result of the infection, he might become a hepatitis B patient who has symptoms and signs of hepatitis B, the liver cells are damaged, he became a patient with a disease called hepatitis B. or as a result of the infection, he might become a hepatitis B carrier, who has no symptoms of signs, except the hepatitis virus is detected in his blood, the liver cells are not damaged, he has a medical condition--- he is in such a condition of being a carrier of the hepatitis B virus.
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
15:09 Feb 15, 2008
Or, without beating aroung, "通常是疾病的结果或例如 HIV 感染的情况."
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
15:07 Feb 15, 2008
So, if 症兆 or 症状 to be avoided, I would like to change my translation for "usually as a result of a disease or condition such as HIV infection" as "通常是疾病造成的结果或因例如 HIV 感染而呈现的身体状况."
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
15:00 Feb 15, 2008
Should a condition be a 状态, why not call it a 情况 or 状况? Both of the latter are all right for me. I didn't study medicine and I am not sure of the distintion between a disease and a condition or that between a condition and a symptom. Can anyone be sure?
Fever/发热，it is a symptom in sense of being felt by the patient, and is a sign in the sense of being detected by the doctor using a temperature measuring device.
To wenjer: The difference between symptoms/症状 and signs体征: the former is usually subjective, observed by the patient, and not measured. The later is objective, detected by a doctor during a physical examination of a patient. For example: pain is a symptom experienced by the patient. We cannot use a device to measure how much pain the patient is feeling. For example, high blood pressure, it is a sign not symptom, it is detected by a blood pressure measuring device.
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
14:08 Feb 15, 2008
So, there are some 症兆 or 症状 telling that he is having some condition which will lead eventually to some symptom that may indicate he has some disease. Isn't it so?
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
14:07 Feb 15, 2008
So, there are some 症兆 telling that he is having some condition which will lead eventually to some symptom that may indicate he has some disease. Isn't it so?
To Wenjer: in the early stage of HIV infection, the affected person might not feel any discomfort( he doesn’t realize any symptom)，however, his immune system is declining gradually, he has a medical condition.
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
12:14 Feb 15, 2008
If there isn't a commonly agreed distinction, how can we be sure that both 症状 and 症兆 mean the same thing? That is exactly the trick to have the term "disease" used together with "condition" and the "condition" used together with "symptom"!
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
12:11 Feb 15, 2008
We have the terms "disease," "condition" and "symptom" to distinguish and there isn't any agreed distinction between them. My question would be: Why should a symptom be otherwise than a condition?
By saying that there is no universally agreed distinction between these terms, I do not mean these terms may be freely translated. I only mean that there is no general consensus on their usage and interpretation.
Wenjer Leuschel (X)
Taiwan
10:48 Feb 15, 2008
If there's no universally agreed distinction between "diseases", "medical conditions", "symptoms" etc., the translator may translate such terms as freely as he wants. I would abide with my translations: disease = 疾病, condition = 症状, sympton = 症兆。
There is no universally agreed distinction between terms such as "diseases", "medical conditions", "symptoms" etc. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease
谢谢两位！那么下面这句中Because understanding that chronic pain is a disease in itself—and one that is harmful to the body—is a new way of thinking. Until recently, pain was considered only as a symptom of a disease or condition, or just a natural part of aging. disease和condition如何区分呢？symptom也同时出现了，似乎英文中disease or condition同时出现的地方还比较多。
Automatic update in 00:
Answers
9 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +3
疾病或症状
Explanation: 我想，condition 指的是“带有疾病的状况”，所以称为“症状”。
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 11 mins (2008-02-15 07:40:31 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
...通常是疾病造成的结果或 HIV 感染带来的症状。
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 13 mins (2008-02-15 07:42:02 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
...通常是疾病造成的结果或例如因 HIV 感染而带来的症状。
Wenjer Leuschel (X) Taiwan Local time: 21:08 Native speaker of: Chinese PRO pts in category: 104
peer agreement (net): +3